空中加油系统的建模与控制技术综述

空中加油已经成熟应用超过半个世纪,但其建模与控制技术仍是航空界的研究热点与难点之一。综合大量文献,回顾了空中加油的发展历程和战略价值所在,比较研究了2种加油方式各自的优劣,总结了近年开展的系统建模和控制相关的研究成果。基于硬式加油与软式加油的功能互补之效,提出了借助研制大型运输机的契机发展硬式加油技术的观点。通过研究国内已经开展的相关工作及其不足之处,论证了开展系统建模与控制专项研究的必要性与积极意义。结合硬式加油系统的特点,提出了建模时应该综合考虑系统多刚体、多构型、强扰动与不确定性、受弹性形变与弹性振荡影响等特点,并提出了与之对应的伸缩管姿态控制、对接状态应力自动补偿、对接过程协同控制、抑制弹性振荡影响、半物理实验平台开发等关键问题。     

涡轮冲压组合发动机技术发展

涡轮冲压组合发动机是实现高超声速飞行的关键动力装置,其中高速涡轮发动机是技术研究重点。虽然由于技术难度过高,所需经费巨大,但是涡轮冲压组合发动机的研究仍然取得了一定的研究成果。     

空客持续推进火山灰探测研究

近几年空客持续开展了对火山灰威胁探测和规避的研究,希望提供一套有效的解决方案。目前,空客与欧洲第二大廉价航空易捷航空公司和挪威尼卡尼卡航空遥感技术公司合作,研制出了机载火山灰识别探测器（AVOID）,并于2013年10月进行了飞行验证。     

A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

基于PIV的凝胶模拟液撞击雾化速度场实验研究

为了更好研究凝胶推进剂的雾化,采用时间分辨粒子图像测速(TR-PIV),研究了不同撞击角度(45°,60°,75°,90°和120°)和射流压差(0.4MPa~0.8MPa)对凝胶推进剂雾化速度的影响。实验结果表明:雾化液滴速度对于撞击轴线呈单峰对称分布,距离撞击点越远,雾化液滴速度越小且分布越均匀;增大撞击角和增大射流压差都可提高凝胶推进剂有效撞击速度,即增加撞击后液体动能转换液体破碎所需的能量,雾化质量提高;当有效撞击速度大于27.9m/s时,实验室配置的凝胶推进剂可充分雾化。     

航空拖靶系统大长度拖缆飞行参数计算与分析

针对航空拖靶系统中大长度拖缆张力、下沉量等参数设计问题,给出了计算方法。结合某拖靶系统大长度拖缆的设计,对拖缆进行了多种结构组成状态下的飞行参数计算和对比分析,给出了优化后的设计结果,并应用于实际产品。经飞行验证,取得了满意的效果。     

大面积航班延误的实时航班延误程度评估研究

为对大面积航班的延误程度进行实时评估,根据航班延误的时空分布特点,从延误时间和延误范围两个角度给出评估指标,建立了航班延误程度实时评估指标体系。采用层次分析法得到各个指标的权重,并在此基础上给出了基于模糊综合评价的航班延误程度实时评估模型。实例的计算结果表明建立的评估模型是可行的。     

弧翼飞行器柔性飞行动力学研究

以一种弧翼布局飞行器为背景,介绍了飞行器的特性;建立了线性分布式气动力模型,添加到全机的三维有限元柔性模型上,进行飞行动力学的仿真分析。研究了分布式气动力模型对弧翼布局飞行器的柔性飞行动力学特性造成的影响。通过对不同响应情况下的飞行状态的仿真计算与分析,总结出了采用分布式气动力建模的大展弦比弧翼飞行器的柔性飞行动力学的变化规律。     

基于三维空域网格的低空飞行航迹战略规划方法

针对复杂低空环境下航空应急救援飞行安全问题,提出了一种基于三维空域网格的飞行航迹战略规划方法。将空域网格化分成多个飞行航迹节点,同时考虑地形、气象、飞行规则以及航空器性能等多种约束,使用改进的A*算法搜索单个航空器的最优飞行航迹。在单个航空器初始飞行航迹基础上,结合时间窗原理,提出两种方法解决了多机无冲突航迹战略规划问题。最后,通过案例仿真验证了方法的有效性。