基于Swin Transformer和多尺度特征融合的红外弱小目标检测方法

红外弱小目标的检测识别是军事侦察和遥感探测领域的一项关键技术。针对现有的传统目标检测方法普遍存在的检测误报率高、环境适应性差等问题,本文设计提出了一种基于Swin Transformer和多尺度特征融合的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法首先在基于编解码Unet网络架构的基础上,通过引入Swin Transformer的自注意力机制代替常规的卷积核来进行目标特征的分层提取,从而有助于在更大的感受野下挖掘目标在不同尺度下的潜在信息;之后,通过设计一个自底向上的跨层特征融合模块作为网络模型的解码器,可以从复杂背景中保留红外弱小目标特征,并将目标的浅层局部信息和深层语义信息进行充分融合。试验测试结果表明,所提方法在红外小目标公共测试数据集SIRST上能够实现0.747的交并比指标(IoU),以及0.752的归一化交并比指标(nIoU),其性能均优于其它典型方法,在不同复杂场景下均拥有更好的检测效果。     

一种新的可重构三自由度平面并联机构的结构设计及运动学分析

设计了一种新型的可变胞运动副,可用于实现3-转动副转动副转动副（Revolute-joint,revolute-joint,revolute-joint,RRR）平面并联机构的重构,进而推导并验证了R-R-R和转动副移动副转动副（Revolute-joint,prismatic-joint,revolute-joint,R-P-R）两种模式下的运动学模型包括正解方程和逆解方程,可用于计算并联机构的奇异位形和工作空间。研究结果表明：所设计的可变胞运动副能够实现机构的重构功能;两种模式下的运动学正解算法一致,均为一元八次方程;R-R-R型的运动学逆解为三个一元二次方程,R-P-R型的运动学逆解可直接用两点间的距离公式表达。最后,通过虚拟样机实验,验证了运动学模型的正确性。     

一种新型可展组合单元的自由度与运动学分析

提出了一种新型多自由度可展机构9RR-12URU,可作为大口径构架式可展天线支撑机构的最小组合单元。该机构包含3个3RR-3URU四面体可展单元,基于螺旋理论分析了单个四面体可展单元的自由度,进而采用拆分杆组法得到了9RR-12URU组合单元机构的自由度。基于节点的空间几何位置和坐标变换矩阵推导了可展组合单元机构在收拢/展开过程中各节点位置和速度的解析表达式,并采用RPY角描述了各节点相对于定节点的姿态变化。基于Adams软件对9RR-12URU组合单元机构的自由度和运动学理论分析进行了仿真验证,结果表明该机构具有收拢和调姿两种自由度,使机构达到最大折叠比。该新型多自由度可展组合单元机构结构简单、折叠比大,可用于曲面构架式可展开反射器中。     

In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation.However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently.     

飞行器管路异质界面损伤超声导波传播机理仿真分析

超声导波具有在传播路径上能量衰减小,传播距离远,可以实现大范围、全方位管路监测的优点,在航天飞行器管路监测领域具有巨大的潜在应用价值。建立了飞行器管路损伤和典型管路异质界面(焊缝、充气/充液管路)模型,研究了超声导波在管路损伤和典型异质界面耦合中传播机理,为飞行器管路损伤提取和定量评估提供了有效的分析手段。     

TiN/Ti强韧涂层在砂尘高速冲蚀下的失效机理

利用高速连续冲蚀试验系统,在不同的冲击角及供砂量下,对有无TiN/Ti强韧涂层的不锈钢试件进行了砂尘高速冲蚀试验,获得了试件的质量冲蚀率。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层损伤表面及断面形貌进行观测与分析,研究TiN/Ti涂层在不同冲击条件下的失效机理。结果表明:TiN/Ti涂层质量冲蚀率随冲击角及供砂量的增加而增加。在低冲击角下,砂尘粒子的切削作用是导致涂层材料剥落的主要原因；高冲击角下,砂尘冲击引起的裂纹萌生及扩展致使涂层材料块状破碎而剥落。TiN/Ti涂层显著提高了不锈钢的抗冲蚀性能,尤其是在低冲击角下。低冲击角下,涂层能将不锈钢的冲蚀性能提高约5倍；高冲击角下能提高约2倍。      

Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

In this article, a grinding force model, which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force, was established. Three key factors have been taken into accounts in this model, such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials, the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing, and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips formation. The model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive wheel. Grinding force values of prediction and experiment were in good consistency. The errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8% and 13.6%, respectively. The contributions of sliding force, plowing force and chip formation force were also analyzed. In addition, the tangential forces of sliding, plowing and chip formation are 14%, 19% and 11% of the normal forces on average, respectively. The pro-posed grinding force model is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency, but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects (e.g. abrasive wheel wear, grinding heat, residual stress).     

Development and Prospectives of Ultra-High-Speed Grinding Technology

Ultra-high-speed grinding(UHSG)is a significant and powerful machining method in view of the enhanced productivity and precision demands.Previous researches regarding formation mechanisms and crucial technologies are comprehensively and thoroughly summarized to highlight state-of-art technology of UHSG.On the basis of the interdependence between process and machine innovations,theoretically,grinding mechanisms in strain hardening,strain rate strengthening,thermal softening,size effect and process characteristics need more in-depth studies to clarify the dominance of UHSG.Technically,CFRP wheel integrating with the brazed bonding has a prominent advantage in bonding strength and grit′s configuration over vitrified bonding,which would be superior in UHSG.Furthermore,external high pressure cooling combining with inner jet cooling methods,accompanied by scraper plates to alleviate the effect of air boundary,are crucial and practical measures for realizing effective cooling in UHSG.Grinding processes,especially those being related to grinding parameters and precise in-process measuring approaches,are also prerequisite for fitting and investigation of UHSG.     

基于公司治理视角的高管超额薪酬约束机制

现代企业中企业所有者和经营者成为不同的行为和利益主体的原因在于所有权与经营权的分离.两权分离的经营方式导致了代理问题的出现.随后高管薪酬作为降低代理成本的一种解决办法被普遍接受.而在缺乏所有者有效监督情况下的薪酬自我制定机制,必然引发企业高管的薪酬与公司业绩脱节,并由此导致超额薪酬问题.而高管超额薪酬现象不但损害了股东利益同时也挫伤了外部投资者的热情.因此从公司治理角度探寻高管超额薪酬的原因和建立高管超额薪酬的约束机制,对于降低代理成本、维护股东利益以及完善公司治理机制具有十分重要的意义.     

Cu/Al爆炸冲击界面连接及拉伸与切削性能的分子动力学模拟

基于分子动力学方法,从微观角度揭示Cu/Al焊接点处的瞬时爆炸焊接过程,研究纳米焊接件接头处的力学特性及切削加工性能。结果表明:铝、铜板互相碰撞后动能转化为内能,异种原子间互相熔合渗透形成接头;焊接件拉伸时弹性模量介于单晶铝和单晶铜之间,抗拉强度为6.89 GPa,这一值大于宏观实验结果,但所对应的应变率10.67%与实验中的11%接近;在接头区域附近,位错与无序晶格的相互作用造成了塑性变形阶段的应力强化,使得拉伸应力值大于两种单晶;这一强化机制也体现在刀具切削接头区域时的平均切削力大于单晶铜、铝的平均值,与实验结果相一致;无序晶格区严重的位错形核有利于位错产生且沿与切削方向呈45°传播,传播时的塞积导致切削加工硬化效应。