2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷补焊

对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头中出现的未焊透和孔洞缺陷进行一次、二次搅拌摩擦补焊实验。结果表明：在合适的补焊工艺参数下,可有效消除接头原有缺陷,获得成形美观,性能良好的接头;随补焊次数的增加,接头软化区域显著增加;含有上述两种缺陷接头一次补焊后拉伸性能显著提高,二次补焊接头相比于一次补焊接头拉伸性能有所降低;含有缺陷的原始接头拉伸时均于缺陷处起裂导致接头塑性较低,补焊后接头都断裂于后退侧热影响区与热机影响区交界处,呈韧性断裂模式。     

石墨烯的制备及其在陶瓷基复合材料中的应用

石墨烯以其优异的力学、光学、电学、热学性能和独特的二维结构成为材料领域的研究热点。本文主要介绍了石墨烯特性、石墨烯制备方法及其在陶瓷基复合材料中的应用。其中,其制备方法包括机械剥离法、化学还原法、化学气相沉积法及晶体外延生长法等;石墨烯在陶瓷复合材料中的应用可显著提高其物理性能。     

油膜干涉测量翼型壁面摩阻低速风洞试验技术

油膜干涉试验可以定量测量得到模型壁面的摩擦应力,是开展摩阻特性研究的有力工具。通过对油膜干涉试验技术中的试验原理、试验方法、误差修正、数据结果分析等关键问题的研究,初步建立了试验系统,具备了开展模型壁面摩阻特性研究的试验能力。综合分析表面热膜试验结果与数值计算结果,在以模型弦长为特征长度,试验雷诺数 Re ＝1．3×106的条件下,翼型表面摩擦应力沿模型弦向的分布规律具有较好的一致性。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝Al2Cu相聚集行为特征分析

对2219C10S状态铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,发现焊缝中存在聚集物的异常聚集现象,聚集相在X光检测中显示为亮白色聚集物,主要形态分为团块状、线状和指状三种,聚集相处焊缝的力学性能与无聚集相焊缝的力学性能基本相同。各形态聚集相的分布位置受搅拌头焊接影响区域的不同而不同,团块状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝上表面位置处,线状和指状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝根部位置处。对异常聚集相进行能谱分析知,聚集相主要组成元素为Al和Cu,原子百分比近似为2∶1,确定聚集相主要成分为Al2Cu。对聚集相的成因进行分析认为,聚集相的产生主要受搅拌摩擦焊接热输入及搅拌头机械搅拌作用的影响,在焊接过程中,塑态软化金属中的Al2Cu在填补搅拌针后方空腔的过程中出现了聚集行为,随着塑态金属的凝固,聚集行为开始变得缓慢并结束。     

2219铝合金变截面结构搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及组织特性

针对变截面结构产品,提出了一种变截面搭接结构搅拌摩擦焊接方法,通过加装辅助板将整条焊缝焊接方向上补偿为等厚度。焊接采用一次定位焊接+二次定位焊接+正式焊接的工艺方式,一次定位焊为预定位,二次定位焊保证辅助板与试片主体结构之间形成有效连接,正式焊保证形成完整的焊缝。焊缝表面成形良好,超声相控阵检测无超标缺陷。通过对力学性能的分析,变截面搭接结构处焊缝与非搭接处焊缝和常规对接焊缝的力学性能基本相同,平均抗拉强度均达到母材的70%以上,平均延伸率均在5.8%以上。变截面搭接焊缝焊核处晶粒形态为细小的等轴晶,靠近轴肩影响区部分的晶粒尺寸大于靠近焊缝根部的晶粒尺寸,受再结晶影响,焊缝两侧热机影响区处辅助板搭接界面消失。     

SGCMG框架伺服系统动力学建模与低速控制

单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)框架伺服系统内部存在的各种干扰会严重影响陀螺的力矩输出精度。为了实现力矩输出的高精度控制,需要对框架伺服系统进行精确动力学建模与控制。通过对作用于航天器上SGCMG的详细动力学分析,建立了框架伺服系统动力学模型,其中考虑了动静不平衡干扰力矩以及摩擦力矩。基于正弦永磁同步电机,利用自抗扰理论设计了框架伺服系统内外环控制器。仿真结果表明,在忽略转子不平衡所引起的高频干扰力矩的前提下,此控制器能对内外环存在的所有建模及未建模干扰进行准确估计和补偿,保证了框架的高精度控制。通过仿真还得到了转子不平衡对框架控制精度的影响量级,将为进一步研究如何抑制不平衡振动提供参考依据。     

应用OFI和Preston管测量亚跨声速摩擦应力

在0.6m×0.6m亚跨超声速风洞中，采用油膜干涉测量技术（OFI）和Preston管方法开展了马赫数0.4~0.8下的平板模型表面摩擦应力测量实验研究。模型头部经过椭圆化处理，避免出现流动分离。实验发现:在亚跨声速条件下，两种方法的测量结果具有很好的一致性；油膜粘性对摩擦应力测量结果影响很小；当来流马赫数或总压发生变化时，摩擦应力系数随来流动压或马赫数与雷诺数的乘积（Ma·Re）的增大而减小。在Ma=0.4和0.6时，观测到一种类似斑纹的干涉图像，基于其特性分析，提出以此作为一种转捩判据的设想；在Ma=0.8时，未观察到类似斑纹，根据油膜图像和数值模拟结果判断，模型头部出现了分离泡，边界层由分离诱导转捩。     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.