基于MATLAB/Simulink的飞机燃油箱内燃油温度仿真计算

燃油温度是飞机燃油箱可燃性评估的关键参数之一。为了研究飞机燃油箱内温度的分布规律及传热模型的正确性,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件平台搭建出了客机的燃油箱热仿真模型。在输入飞行实验所对应的的边界条件后,通过数值模拟获得燃油箱内部各计算节点处的燃油温度。结果表明,在三种不同的航行条件下,燃油箱热模型仿真结果均能较好地与飞行实验结果吻合,能够将计算误差控制在一定范围内。采用该燃油箱热模型进行热仿真数值模拟可以获得较为准确的飞机燃油箱热特性,能够在飞机设计阶段,用于对燃油箱结构以及内热源部件布置的优化。     

燃油喷嘴主要性能参数的影响因素及调试技术

燃油喷嘴是航空发动机燃烧室的一个主要元件,它的主要功用是按照发动机不同的工作状态,供给燃烧室合适数量的、具有良好雾化质量的燃油。喷嘴的供油量是保证发动机推力要求、影响燃烧效率和性能的一个主要指标。根据燃油喷嘴的不同结构,对影响发动机燃烧室性能的流量、喷雾锥角和分布不均匀度等参数进行理论分析,并结合实际调试情况进行验证,解决了燃油喷嘴性能试验时流量、喷雾锥角和分布不均匀度调试困难的技术瓶颈,具有较大的指导意义和广阔的应用前景。     

民用飞机不同商载配置对机身着陆载荷的影响分析

重量分布和重心位置是影响起落架和机体地面载荷的重要因素,其中商载是影响全机重心、惯量的最活跃因素。飞机实际运营中,有无穷多种商载分布及装载方案。为了确保机身载荷分析时,不遗漏严重设计情况,同时能大大减少载荷人员的工作量,本文对不同商载配置下的机身着陆载荷进行了研究分析,分析结果表明最大商载情况将构成机身垂直剪力和垂直弯矩的严重情况。因此,在进行机身载荷分析时,必须考虑最大商载情况,而最大燃油情况可以不必考虑。这一结论为今后有针对性的开展民机机身载荷分析提供了数据支持。     

低排放燃烧室NO_x排放试验及预测方法研究

为了研究中心分级贫油低排放燃烧室的排放特性和排放预测方法,针对一个低排放头部方案,在单头部燃烧室试验件上,在不同的温度、压力、油气比、供油模式和分级比条件下,测量其排放性能。以Lefebvre排放经验预测公式为基础,采用经验分析方法拟合排放试验数据,归纳出适用于本头部方案的排放预测公式。表征预测好坏的判定系数R2在小工况下和大工况下分别为0.95和0.93,表明预测结果与试验结果符合度较好。小工况和大工况排放特性不同,对仅预燃级喷油的小工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受化学恰当燃烧温度和预燃级局部当量比的影响;对预燃级和主燃级同时喷油的大工况工作模式,NO_x排放主要受燃烧区温度和主燃级燃油比例的影响。     

高效空间应用燃料电池热能利用技术研究

首先介绍了空间应用燃料电池高效散热及温控技术。高精度控温主要是利用被动散热技术,将产生的热量快速传导至外部冷却介质,从而保证产热面的温度均匀性,实现电池稳定工作。通过嵌入式被动散热和双端散热的冷却方式,实现电堆内部最大温差小于5℃,换热系数达1000W/(m·K)。     

SAR performance-based fault diagnosis for electro-hydraulic control system: A novel FDI framework for closed-loop system

Model-based fault diagnosis serves as an efficient and powerful technique in addressing fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues for control systems. However, the standard methods and their modifications still encounter some difficulties in algorithm design and application for complex higher-order systems. To avoid these difficulties, a novel fault diagnosis framework based on multiple performance indicators of closed-loop control system is proposed. Under this framework, a so-called performance residual vector is constructed to measure the differences between the real system and the nominal model in terms of system stability, accuracy, and rapidity (SAR) respectively. The criteria for quantification, normalization of the SAR residuals and the explicit mappings between the thresholds and the required performance are given. FDI can be easily achieved simultaneously by monitoring the normalized residual vector length and direction in the SAR performance residual space. A case study on electro-hydraulic servo control system of turbofan engine is adopted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

供油瞬态喷油杆内燃油结焦机理及规律数值研究

为获得喷油杆通断循环供油工作模式下,供油瞬间燃油结焦速率陡增机理,本文建立起沿喷杆轴向的一维非稳态热-流-固耦合换热与燃油结焦计算模型。获得不同时刻壁温、油温与结焦速率等参数轴向分布。通过与连续供油模式下的结果进行对比,来分析供油瞬间灼热喷杆内壁对燃油热冲击的影响,以获得结焦速率陡增机理。结果表明通断供油模式下,供油瞬间会迅速形成一尖锐的油温和结焦前体浓度峰值,结焦固相表面反应被迅速激发,结焦速率陡增。在喷杆前端（x=100mm）与底部（x=260mm）附近各存在一结焦速率峰值区域。通断供油模式下,在x=100mm和x=260mm位置处,每个周期供油起始时刻结焦速率峰值分别在5000μg/cm2h和2000μg/cm2h左右,远大于连续供油下的值。但供油结束时刻,供油模式的影响大幅下降。此外通断供油下,供油瞬间热冲击对燃油结焦的影响沿喷杆轴向逐渐减小。减小喷杆供油流量,热冲击的影响有所下降,且随时间先升高后降低。提高进口油温,热冲击的影响显著减小,且随供油时间逐渐降低。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

基于可靠性优化计算的直喷式燃调风门止动修复方案设计

采用一种新型的基于可靠性优化技术的计算和选择过盈配合的新方法,把常规设计与可靠性设计结合起来,利用优化设计的方法,对直喷式燃调风门止动过盈修复的可靠性设计进行了分析,推导出了计算公式,并验证了其正确性。