带非线性支撑的转子有限元模型求解方法

用数值方法研究了非线性支撑的柔性转子系统的动学行为,提出了一种将有限元与非线性支撑结合的模型和求解方法。利用有限元法(FEM)构建转轴和转盘部分的模型,通过矩阵进行组合;利用离散元方法对包含滚动轴承和挤压油膜阻尼器(SFD)的支撑部分进行建模,此部分包含4个单元,分别为轴承内圈、外圈、SFD内圈和支撑鼠笼。有限元部分和离散元部分通过轴端节点相连,仿真过程中轴端位移传递给非线性支撑部分,支撑部分通过位移计算得到的非线性力反过来作用于有限元转子轴端部分。为了耦合求解有限元转子和非线性支撑组成的数学模型,提出了一种综合的迭代求解方法,克服传统的有限元求解方法对轴端隐性非线性支撑的求解局限性。由于转轴部分采用了Timoshenko梁单元建模,对比与简单转子模型,可以考虑陀螺力矩和轴的柔性特征,更能体现非线性支撑对振动真实影响。在建立的20个轴单元的有限元转子模型中,非线性响应更多体现在靠近非线性支撑的节点1和节点21处,响应频谱中靠近轴端的节点能体现出滚动轴承的2倍和3倍变柔振动频率。     

改进的粒子群算法求解飞机位姿评估问题

在飞机装配中,要求调姿基准点距离误差和最小以及各点距离误差满足容差条件。以往的飞机位姿评估算法注重距离误差和最小,可能出现调姿基准点的距离误差不满足容差约束的情况。为了求解在满足容差约束条件下的距离误差和最小的飞机位姿参数,提出一种新的优化模型,将带容差约束转化为带惩罚函数,与距离误差和一同作为优化目标,采用求解约束优化问题的粒子群算法进行求解。在上述算法上进一步改进,通过动态改变约束参数来加强约束条件,可以通过迭代方式进一步减小飞机调姿基准点最大距离误差。仿真算例和蒙特卡洛分析证明,求解约束优化的粒子群算法和改进的粒子群算法在求解飞机位姿评估问题时,求解得到的调姿测量点最大误差小于奇异值分解法。     

2019年国外导航技术发展综述

近年来,国外导航技术的发展呈现出多系统融合的发展态势,结合2019年国外导航技术的发展动态,对美国、欧盟、俄罗斯、印度等国家和地区的卫星导航、惯性导航、天文导航、视觉导航、数据库匹配导航、仿生导航、量子导航和全源导航等技术发展现状进行了总结分析,并对相关技术发展进行了展望。     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Numerical analysis and optimization of boundary layer suction on airfoils

Numerical approach of hybrid laminar flow control(HLFC) is investigated for the suction hole with a width between 0.5 mm and 7 mm. The accuracy of Menter and Langtry’s transition model applied for simulating the flow with boundary layer suction is validated. The experiment data are compared with the computational results. The solutions show that this transition model can predict the transition position with suction control accurately. A well designed laminar airfoil is selected in the present research. For suction control with a single hole, the physical mechanism of suction control, including the impact of suction coefficient and the width and position of the suction hole on control results, is analyzed. The single hole simulation results indicate that it is favorable for transition delay and drag reduction to increase the suction coefficient and set the hole position closer to the trailing edge properly. The modified radial basis function(RBF) neural network and the modified differential evolution algorithm are used to optimize the design for suction control with three holes. The design variables are suction coefficient, hole width, hole position and hole spacing. The optimization target is to obtain the minimum drag coefficient. After optimization,the transition delay can be up to 17% and the aerodynamic drag coefficient can decrease by 12.1%.     

具有叶尖小翼的涡轮叶栅间隙流动的实验研究

涡轮动叶叶顶间隙流动是引起动叶内部流动损失的重要因素之一,大约30%的流动损失是由间隙流动引起的。对高负荷涡轮叶栅在间隙高度1%叶高、0°冲角的条件下,加装不同宽度和安装位置的叶尖小翼进行了实验研究,结果表明,压力面小翼在一定程度上削弱了泄漏涡强度,0.3倍叶片当地厚度的压力面小翼效果最佳。吸力面小翼可使泄漏涡运动轨迹向相邻叶片的压力面侧偏移、泄漏涡强度减弱,间隙泄漏损失降低。随着吸力面叶尖小翼宽度的不断增加,叶尖小翼对泄漏流动的控制作用也不断增强,当宽度在1.2倍叶片当地厚度时,对泄漏流动控制效果最好,可使叶栅测量截面总损失与不加小翼的叶栅相比降低28%。组合小翼不如单纯的吸力面小翼效果好。     

超燃燃烧室一维释热分布模型研究

为了预估超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内的释热分布,针对带凹腔稳焰器的燃烧室,总结了射流混合情况、来流温度和当量比对释热分布影响的实验规律,提出了主燃烧区的概念和分段线性拟合的建模思路。模型被分为隔离段、横向射流、燃烧室释热分布、主燃烧区反压四个部分。通过压力前推,进行代数的迭代计算,能够快速得到燃烧室释热分布的一维模型。利用实验图像和仿真计算数据,对模型得到的释热分布与燃烧效率进行了验证,模型可适用于隔离段来流2.1马赫以上的工况,且模型结果与仿真结果相关系数达到了0.9以上。     

发动机轴承内环装配工艺对转子动力学特性影响的试验研究

试验研究航空发动机高压涡轮后支点轴承内环的装配工艺对转子支承系统振动特性的影响。改变转子轴承内环和内环衬套的配合公差与轴承内环锁紧螺母拧紧力矩,研究以上参数与转子支承系统振动响应的关系。结果表明:间隙配合和较小的锁紧螺母拧紧力矩给转子系统带来较强的非线性性,转子支承处出现丰富的分数倍频成分;过盈配合时转子振动对内环锁紧螺母拧紧力矩改变不敏感;间隙配合时,较大的锁紧螺母拧紧力矩可以抑制转子支承处的分数倍频成分。     

基于单纯B样条的航空发动机机载稳态模型研究

为了减小航空发动机稳态建模的模型误差、降低复杂度及提升其实时性,提出了一种基于单纯B样条函数的航空发动机稳态模型建模方法。该函数是局部多项式基函数的线性组合,因此求解该函数为线性回归问题,通过运用广义最小二乘方法来求解B系数,从而提高计算效率和提高模型精度。最后建立了基于该算法的二维和四维涡扇发动机稳态模型,并分别与相同建模样本条件下的多输入多输出约简迭代最小二乘支持向量机稳态模型进行了比较,表明了单纯B样条建模方法不仅继承了B样条的算法复杂度低、存储数据量小和实时性好等优点,同时避免了最小二乘支持向量回归机不能拟合大样本数据的缺点,且拟合效果优于最小二乘支持向量机。     

镁粉对铝/冰燃料燃烧特性的影响

为改善铝/冰燃料的点火燃烧性能,通过添加不同比例的镁粉制备成铝/冰基燃料,研究其对铝/冰燃料燃烧特性的影响。实验通过接触法测得铝/冰基燃料燃烧温度并采用高速摄影系统观测其燃烧现象。研究结果表明,铝/冰燃料中添加镁粉后在100~200℃即出现较为明显的氧化放热反应,镁粉可以明显降低铝/冰基燃料的起始反应温度,加快反应速率。在稳定燃烧阶段,随着镁粉添加量的增加,铝/冰基燃料燃烧剧烈程度降低。通过对燃烧产物的分析发现,添加镁粉后的燃烧产物形貌与未添加镁粉的产物形貌存在明显差别,且未完全反应的铝粉含量较多,燃烧相对不充分。