某型压差活门的动态特性分析

压差活门是航空发动机数控系统燃油计量装置中重要的液压部件,其稳定性和动态性能直接影响控制系统的整体性能。根据压差活门非线性微分方程,采用小偏差线性化方法,推导出了压差活门的动态数学模型,得到了压差活门的方框图以及传递函数。选取某压差活门参数建立了Simulink仿真模型,分别在频域和时域分析了其动态性能。结果表明:在频域上,比较了有无节流器时的回路增益函数伯德图,认为敏感油路上的节流器可以改善稳定性且提高控制精度,通过设计节流器的尺寸可以调节穿越频域,从而改善系统的动态性能;在时域上,分析了不同节流器尺寸下阶跃响应的动态性能,其试验结果与实际工程经验一致。     

200km/h动力分散型电动旅客列车组车体表面压力分布试验研究

阐述了对我国首列200km/h动力分散型电动旅客列车组(先锋号列车)车体表面压力分布测试情况,对测量结果进行了较为详细的分析,最后用流场计算软件CFX对先锋号列车周围流场进行了数值模拟计算,并将计算结果与测量结果进行了对比,两者有较好的一致性。该研究结果可为空调装置及电器设备冷却风道进排风口位置的选取提供科学依据。     

基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态标定方法

介绍了一个基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态校准系统，研究了标定实验数据的处理方法，分析了该系统标定结果的重复性。试验结果表明该标定系统重复性好，可以满足0～30MPa，0～50kHz压力传感器动态标定的要求。     

圆锥形薄壁壳体的弹性稳定性

基于Donnell型扁壳理论,利用法分析了在均布外压作用下圆锥形薄壁壳体的弹性稳定性问题。根据外压实验观察结果和通过选取适当的位移分量表达式,文中给出了临界外压的近似表达式。数值结果表明,本文理论分析预示值与临界载荷的实验值很吻合。文中还对有关参数对临界载荷的影响进行了讨论。本文所得结果可供工程应用参考。     

高精度稠粘流体压力传感器

一种高精度流体压力传感器,这种传感器除适用于测量普通气体、液体的压力外,特别适用于稠粘流体的压力测量。文中着重阐述了这种传感器的工作原理、结构特点及性能指标,并简要介绍了设计中的一些考虑,指出了这种传感器的发展潜力和应用前景。     

低速壁压信息洞壁干扰修正方法两个重要的新改进

本文介绍了对美国洛克希德公司Hackett,J.E.等人研究的壁压信息洞壁干扰修正方法两个重要的新改进。建立了一个简便方法,消除了原方法必须要在模型下游测到壁压的渐近分布,才能进行准确修正的苛刻条件;建立了一个测压试验洞壁干扰的改进修正方法,使测压与测力试验的修正方法一致。文中给出了两组模型的验证结果。本文的两个新改进,消除了壁压信息法应用中的突出难关,不仅拓宽了应用,并大为提高了测力、测压试验洞壁干扰修正的准确性。     

颈动脉内血流动力学特征受向前加速度影响的数值模拟

人们在日常或某些特殊条件下常会面临方向和大小发生迅速变化的加速度环境,已有研究发现加速度环境会影响心血管系统生理、病理特征。利用计算机模拟方法详细研究了向前加速度环境下人体颈动脉内的血流动力学参数变化规律。结果表明:加速度会对颈动脉内压力、压力梯度、壁面剪切应力等与血管生理、病理现象密切相关的血流动力学参数产生显著影响。研究结果为加速度环境下颈动脉生理、病理研究提供了一定的理论依据,也为航空航天领域加速度环境下人员防护提供参考。      

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

An empirical solar radiation pressure model for satellites moving in the orbit-normal mode

We present a family of empirical solar radiation pressure (SRP) models suited for satellites orbiting the Earth in the orbit normal (ON) mode. The proposed ECOM-TB model describes the SRP accelerations in the so-called terminator coordinate system. The choice of the coordinate system and the SRP parametrization is based on theoretical assumptions and on simulation results with a QZS-1-like box-wing model, where the SRP accelerations acting on the solar panels and on the box are assessed separately. The new SRP model takes into account that in ON-mode the incident angle of the solar radiation on the solar panels is not constant like in the yaw-steering (YS) attitude mode. It depends on the elevation angle of the Sun above the satellite’s orbital plane. The resulting SRP vector acts, therefore, not only in the Sun-satellite direction, but has also a component normal to it. Both components are changing as a function of the incident angle. ECOM-TB has been used for precise orbit determination (POD) for QZS-1 and BeiDou2 (BDS2) satellites in medium (MEO) and inclined geosynchronous Earth orbits (IGSO) based on IGS MGEX data from 2014 and 2015. The resulting orbits have been validated with SLR, long-arc orbit fits, orbit misclosures, and by the satellite clock corrections based on the orbits. The validation results confirm that—compared to ECOM2—ECOM-TB significantly (factor 3–4) improves the POD of QZS-1 in ON-mode for orbits with different arc lengths (one, three, and five days). Moderate orbit improvements are achieved for BDS2 MEO satellites—especially if ECOM-TB is supported by pseudo-stochastic pulses (the model is then called ECOM-TBP). For BDS2 IGSOs, ECOM-TB with its 9 SRP parameters appears to be over-parameterized. For use with BDS2 IGSO spacecraft we therefore developed a minimized model version called ECOM-TBMP, which is based on the same axis decomposition as ECOM-TB, but has only 2 SRP parameters and is supported by pseudo-stochastic parameters, as well. This model shows a similar performance as ECOM-TB with short arcs, but an improved performance with (3-day) long-arcs. The new SRP models have been activated in CODE’s IGS MGEX solution in Summer 2018. Like the other ECOM models the ECOM-TB derivatives might be used together with an a priori model.     

Application of a modified generalized sail model on a solar sail with wrinkles

In this paper, we present an analysis of effect of wrinkles on the solar sail performance. We describe different analytical, semi-analytical and numerical approaches to the calculation of general large-scale curvature of a solar sail as well as parameters of so-called wrinkled domains, and introduce the impact of such wrinkles on the thrust and torque of the solar sail. Finally, we present a model of an optically-orthotropic surface for such non-ideal sail, providing a connection with the Generalized Sail Model, and other solar sail thrust models.