0.3 m低温风洞液氮供给系统研制

基于系统级的一维热流体模拟分析,建立了适用于研究分析0.3 m低温风洞液氮供给系统的数学模型,并开展了系统漏热、两相流及缓冲罐中液氮容积等流体动力学分析;在系统现有控制策略及试验数据的基础上,基于该数学模型开展了系统压力动态响应分析,获得了在阀门动态调节过程中管网压力的瞬态响应,计算结果与试验值的总体误差控制在10%以内。喷射压力一致化改造避免了阀间干扰,添加的回流管道消除了供给末端的两相流现象,使喷射压力控制精度达到1.1%,调节时间减少到23 s,实现了风洞总温快速安全调节和精确控制。     

基于传热反问题方法的N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流测量研究

测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。     

空心气冷低压涡轮动叶气热耦合数值模拟

以空心气冷低压涡轮动叶为研究对象,采用高质量的流体域和固体域网格控制技术,带转捩模型的双方程SST湍流模型,开展了基于CFD方法的叶片气热耦合问题研究。获得了不同冷气流量比(分别为1.0%,1.38%,1.8%和2.2%)、温比(分别为2.1,2.25,2.3,2.4和2.5)和压比(分别为1.4,1.6和1.8)对叶片换热特性的影响规律,设计状态中截面按弧长平均的叶片壁面金属温度计算值较试验值偏小0.3%,气热耦合计算的叶片壁面温度分布与试验结果吻合良好,验证了气热强耦合计算方法的精度,为涡轮叶片温度场分析提供了一种有效的方法。     

锯齿扁管内沸腾换热试验

建立以等热流密度方式进行试验件加热的沸腾换热试验系统,分别对当量直径为1.28mm和1.59mm锯齿扁管内R134a工质的沸腾换热特性进行研究,试验参数范围:制冷剂质量流率为68.5~305.5kg/(m2·s),工作饱和压力为0.27~0.46 MPa,加热热流密度为9~42kW/m2。试验结果表明:相同结构的通道,当量直径小换热能力更强;热流密度和饱和压力对沸腾换热的影响与一个干度值有关。当干度小于此值时,沸腾换热系数会随着热流密度及饱和压力增大而增大;而当干度大于此值时,沸腾换热系数随着干度增大而急剧下降,热流密度和饱和压力对换热的影响较小;该干度值会随着热流密度或饱和压力增大而逐渐变小。质量流率对沸腾换热的影响与热流密度有关,随着热流密度增大,质量流率的影响趋向大干度区域。通过分析各参数对沸腾换热的影响,建立了一个预测试验工况下微小尺寸锯齿扁管的沸腾换热系数计算经验公式。     

地源热泵技术在建筑节能中的应用

本文探讨如何通过地源热泵技术实现建筑节能。研究通过地源热泵来实现一机多用,使其既能用于冬季供暖,又可以用于夏季制冷。同时也讨论了如何与太阳能相配合,来实现地热平衡。文中还给出了通过插值法和曲线拟合法对测量数据进行处理获得变温带和增温带的温度-深度曲线的方法。     

铁基金刚石节块的热处理及其耐磨性能研究

首次提出了在烧结型金刚石工具的制造中引入热处理的新工艺，并系统地研究了淬火温度、淬火时间及回火温度等热处理工艺参数对热压烧结型铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块及其胎体材料机械性能的影响，同时对经热处理的铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块在石材旺苍红上进行磨损试验研究。试验结果表明，热压烧结型铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块胎体热处理的最佳工艺参数为：淬火温度为７６０～７９０℃、淬火时间为３．５ｍｉｎ、回火温度为２４５～３１５℃；经热处理后铁基金刚石圆盘锯胎体及节块的强度、硬度等机械性能有显著的提高，热处理也能明显改善铁基金刚石圆盘锯节块的耐磨性能。这说明将热处理工艺用于烧结型金刚石工具的制造中是切实可行的。     

考虑轨道摄动的外热流计算分析

为改进传统外热流算法未考虑外热流经多次反射后的吸收和国外商业软件未考虑轨道摄动及太阳矢量变化对外热流的影响等不足,重新定义了外热流角系数和外热流辐射传递因子,综合SGP4轨道模型和Gebhart方法,给出了考虑摄动等因素的辐射传递因子和轨道外热流计算模型,以及相应的计算流程。通过仿真分析论证了考虑多次反射及摄动等因素的重要性。     

Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where50000 Rej 90000, 1.74 H/d 27.5, 66° a 90°, and 13.2 r/d 42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors,including Rej, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly.When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distributionof the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.     

Aerothermodynamic and stability analyses of a deployable re-entry capsule

Recent research projects, in the field of atmospheric re-entry technology, are focused on the design of deployable, umbrella-like Thermal Protection Systems (TPSs). These TPSs are made of flexible high temperature resistant fabrics, folded at launch and deployed in space for de-orbit and re-entry operations. In the present paper two possible sphere–cone configurations for the TPS have been investigated from an aerodynamic point of view. The analyzed configurations are characterized by the same reentry mass and maximum diameter, but have different half-cone angles (45° and 60°). The analyses involve both the evaluation of thermal and aerodynamic loads and the assessment of the capsule longitudinal stability. The aerothermodynamic analysis has been performed for the completely deployed heat shield in transitional and continuum regimes, while the longitudinal stability has been analyzed in free molecular, transitional and continuum regimes, also taking into consideration the heat shield deployment sequence at high altitudes.     

改进的电热除冰系统的仿真方法

建立了电热除冰系统矩形微段的二维简化物理模型，采用焓法模型建立相变导热问题的微分控制方程，用控制容积法对该模型的控制方程及其边界、初始条件进行离散，使用块修正技术对原有的离散方程组的求解方法进行了改进，得到各个时刻的温度分布及冰的融解情况。计算结果与国外文献结果吻合，验证了改进的算法和程序的正确性。并计算分析了时间步长的选择、网格的划分对计算结果的影响。