Experimental investigation and correlation development of jet impingement heat transfer with two rows of aligned jet holes on an internal surface of a wing leading edge

Extensive experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of two rows of aligned jet holes impinging on a concave surface in a wing leading edge were conducted, where 50000?≤?Re_j?≤?90000, 1.74?≤?H/d?≤?27.5, 66°?≤?α?≤?90°, and 13.2?≤?r/d?≤?42.03. The finding was that the heat transfer performance at the jet-impingement stagnation point with two rows of aligned jet holes was the same as that with a single row of jet holes or the middle row of three-row configurations when the circumferential angle of the two jet holes was larger than 30°. The attenuation coefficient distribution of the jet impingement heat transfer in the chordwise direction was so complicated that two zones were divided for a better analysis. It indicated that: the attenuation coefficient curve in the jet impingement zone exhibited an approximate upside-down bell shape with double peaks and a single valley; the attenuation coefficient curve in the non-jet impingement zone was like a half-bell shape, which was similar to that with three rows of aligned jet holes; the factors, including Re_j, H/d and r/d, affected the attenuation coefficient value at the valley significantly. When r/d was increased from 30.75 to 42.03, the attenuation rates of attenuation coefficient increased only by 1.8%. Consequently, experimental data-based correlation equations of the Nusselt number for the heat transfer at the jet-impingement stagnation point and the distribution of the attenuation coefficient in the chordwise direction were acquired, which play an important role in designing the wing leading edge anti-icing system with two rows of aligned jet holes.