Fundamentals of Design and Technology of Rolling Element Bearings

This article presents an overview of fundamentals of rolling element bearing designs and technologies. The aim is to outline the complex interrelation of all fundamentals with the rolling contact fatigue and the attainable bearing life. Such fundamentals include, amongst others, bearing stressing and life capability. The article shows the different types of rolling bearing stressing and the analysis of the stress distribution (principal stresses and equivalent stresses) in the material under the rolling contact area. It becomes obvious that the contamination of the bearing with foreign particles leads to a drastic reduction in bearing life. Furthermore, it demonstrates the impact of the bearing lubrication and coating as well as the effect of additives on the attainable life and wear. Further fundamentals of rolling element bearing design are the materials, the material cleanliness and the heat treatment. The article reveals the importance of the cleanliness of bearing steels as well as different types of inclusions and their effect on rolling contact fatigue. Additionally the article describes how to optimize the material properties (strength, toughness and residual stress) by the heat treatment processes. The outcome of these investigations is that endurance life of a rolling element bearing can be achieved if specific operating conditions, an adequate lubrication, good system cleanliness and specific bearing stressing are met. The article provides a guideline for bearing engineers on how designs and technologies can be applied to optimizing a bearing for a particular industry or aerospace application.     

提高CQFP封装器件加工的工艺可靠性试验

CQFP 封装器件已经应用于航天电子产品,但出现了引脚脱焊和断裂等问题。针对此类问题,文章对 CQFP 封装器件焊接、敷形涂覆和粘固进行了工艺研究,并进行了热真空、热循环、振动等可靠性试验进行验证,确定试验中的工艺方法可行、可靠,可以用于航天器的电子产品。     

提高武器系统软件可靠性的技术途径

根据国内外软件生产现状及发展趋势，分析了系统软件不可靠的原因，并根据工程实践，阐明了提高武器系统软件可靠性的技术途径。     

红外多光谱扫描仪在发射段的结构可靠性

用Ｇ莱希纳和Ｂ贝尔契（德）提出的结构系统可靠性分析通用方法（以下简称ＧＢ法），详细分析了某多光谱扫描仪的结构特点、工作环境与受力情况，并根据航天器受载特点建立了遥感器部分在发射阶段的可靠度数学模型，以一次二阶矩法为主要算法对红外扫描仪主体在发射阶段的结构可靠性进行了分析和评估。     

导弹武器预研阶段可靠性预计方法

介绍了可靠性预计的概念、作用和方法,阐述了导弹预研阶段可靠性预计的重要性。讨论了预研阶段预计导弹可靠性的步骤和选取方法的原则。     

极大值Ⅰ型—正态模式结构可靠性的近似置信下限

对于两个分布参数都未知的极大值Ⅰ型－正态模型，在结构强度的方差比应力的方差大得多的条件下，给出了它的结构可靠性的近似置信下限。     

一种应用云计算技术的航天器综合测试方法

首先介绍了目前国内外航天器综合测试系统的现状,指出其资源利用率低、测试成本高的不足;然后针对这些不足,结合未来航天器综合测试业务新需求,提出了一种应用云计算平台的航天器综合测试方法,给出了该方法的综合测试云架构,分析了其在资源利用率、可靠性、可扩展性等方面的技术优势;最后给出航天器综合测试云系统的实施方案,供今后我国航天器测试系统建设参考。     

用纽曼随机有限元分析复合材料回旋结构的可靠性

将纽曼级数展开应用于蒙特卡罗随机有限元，对每一次随机抽样，只需一次形成刚度矩阵，进行前代、回代及矩阵的乘法和加法（减法）运算，可使随机有限元计算时间大为缩短。然后采用蒙特卡罗直接比较法，计算一复合材料回旋结构的可靠性。     

一种随机结构可靠度分析方法

 对利用确定性有限元和一次二阶矩计算结构可靠度的方法进行了研究,并编制了相应的计算程序。该方法计算量小,简便实用,在结构随机参数分散性不大的情况下可以给出满足工程精度要求的解。     

Application of reliability technologies in civil aviation: Lessons learnt and perspectives

We consider reliability engineering in modern civil aviation industry, and the related engineering activities and methods. We consider reliability in a broad sense, referring to other system characteristics that are related to it, like availability, maintainability, safety and durability. We covered the entire lifecycle of the equipment, including reliability requirement identification, reliability analysis and design, verification and validation of reliability requirements (typically involved in the equipment design and development phase), quality assurance (which typically enters in the manufacturing phase), and fault diagnosis and prognosis and maintenance (which are connected to the operation phase). Lessons learnt from reliability engineering practices in civil aviation industry are given, which might serve as reference for reliability managers and engineers, also from other industries with high reliability requirements.