反坦克直升机任务效率评估

军用直升机在初步设计时就需用运筹学（Ｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ）方法评估其战斗有效性。直升机与坦克一对一战斗结果，胜负过程符合马尔柯夫随机过程（Ｍａｒｋｏｗｖ Ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ）。直升机战斗有效性判据是作战兑换比，即损失一架直升机可击毁敌坦克数。本文分析这个过程，列出随机微分方程组，推导出作战兑换比公式，从百找出提高战斗有效性途径，使战斗有效性评估有数量概念。     

Real-time trajectory planning for UCAV air-to-surface attack using inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon control

This paper presents a computationally efficient real-time trajectory planning framework for typical unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) performing autonomous air-to-surface (A/S) attack. It combines the benefits of inverse dynamics optimization method and receding horizon optimal control technique. Firstly, the ground attack trajectory planning problem is mathematically formulated as a receding horizon optimal control problem (RHC-OCP). In particular, an approximate elliptic launch acceptable region (LAR) model is proposed to model the critical weapon delivery constraints. Secondly, a planning algorithm based on inverse dynamics optimization, which has high computational efficiency and good convergence properties, is developed to solve the RHCOCP in real-time. Thirdly, in order to improve robustness and adaptivity in a dynamic and uncer- tain environment, a two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) receding horizon control architecture is introduced and a regular real-time update strategy is proposed as well, and the real-time feedback can be achieved and the not-converged situations can be handled. Finally, numerical simulations demon- strate the efficiency of this framework, and the results also show that the presented technique is well suited for real-time implementation in dynamic and uncertain environment.     

Effect of “Noisy” sun conditions on aircrew radiation exposure

In computer codes used to estimate the aircrew radiation exposure from galactic cosmic radiation, a quiet sun model is usually assumed. A revised computer code (PCAIRE ver. 8.0f) is used to calculate the impact of noisy sun conditions on aircrew radiation exposure. The revised code incorporates the effect of solar storm activity, which can perturb the geomagnetic field lines, altering cutoff rigidities and hence the shielding capability of the Earth’s magnetic field. The effect of typical solar storm conditions on aircrew radiation exposure is shown to be minimal justifying the usual assumptions.     

Love Waves in Layered Graded Composite Structures with Imperfectly Bonded Interface

Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations of Love wave propagation in layered graded composites with imperfectly bonded interface are described in this paper. On the basis of WKB method, the approximate analytic solutions for Love waves are obtained. By the interface shear spring model, the dispersion relations for Love waves in layered graded composite structures with rigid, slip, and imperfectly bonded interfaces are given, and the effects of the interface conditions on the phase velocities of Love waves in SiC/Al lay- ered graded composites are discussed. Numerical analysis shows that the phase velocity decreases when the defined flexibility parameter is greater. For the general imperfectly bonded interface, the phase velocity changes in the range of the velocities for the rigid and slip interface conditions.     

基于多步裁定法评估编队超视距空战效能

提出了评估编队歼击机超视距空战效能的多步裁定法。用损失交换比和剩余飞机数量作为效能指标,将最优火力分配与空空反导弹引入到多步裁定模型中。考虑了电子对抗与飞机生存力,计算了歼击机领先发射概率、空空导弹击毁概率和发射次数。算例表明,领先发射一方超视距空战效能通常较高,滞后发射一方若采用最优火力分配、空空反导弹、电子对抗及提高飞机生存力等措施也可提高超视距空战效能。此模型计算简便,合理有效。     

基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划

协同博弈路径规划是空战自主决策、机器人体育比赛等应用场景中的重要问题，其难点在于对环境对抗性反馈的实时自适应和多智能体的相互配合。提出一种基于神经网络和人工势场的协同博弈路径规划方法，使用反向传播（BP）神经网络自适应调整人工势场函数系数，并将人工势场作为神经网络输出端的特征提取。为解决真实样本质量和数量不足的问题，基于遗传算法仿真生成样本数据用于神经网络训练，并通过滚动时域的思路面向动态博弈优化样本性能。从样本数据中提炼出距离差与航向差以反映协同和博弈特性，利用神经网络的黑盒特性和学习能力解决协同博弈问题。应用于二对一反隐身超视距空战路径规划，比经典人工势场法有明显性能提升，且计算开销可接受，计算复杂度分析表明该方法可以较好扩展到多机对抗场景。     

特征无反射边界条件应用于二维圆柱绕流模拟

采用特征无反射边界条件和吸收层技术相结合的边界处理方法,研究了二维圆柱绕流模拟的边界反射问题。近年来在计算气动声学中提出了将大涡模拟和声学传播方程结合的混合方法求解声场,基于计算量的考虑,须在较小的计算区域内进行大涡模拟,这就需要在计算区域较小时,边界的反射尽可能小。作为大涡模拟研究的技术储备,将该方法应用于二维圆柱绕流的模拟中。数值结果表明这种方法在计算区域较小时,能起到很好的无反射效果,计算结果与前人在计算区域取得很大时的结果比较吻合。     

关于未来战斗机发展的若干讨论

近年来，在第四代战斗机陆续批量服役和大国竞争的背景下，关于战争形态演变以及四代后战斗机如何发展的讨论络绎不绝。本文回顾了战斗机"代"的起源和跨代发展的驱动因素，概述了空战观察（Observe）、判断（Orient）、决策（Decision）、行动（Act）（OODA）环的演进历程，并提出了OODA 3.0的内涵。阐述了机械化、信息化、智能化发展的依托与跃升关系，就自主性、有人、无人，强平台、体系、分布式作战运用的辩证关系，以及敏捷高效的研发模式等进行了讨论。     

一类组合神经网络在协同空战分析中的应用

为了在恶劣、复杂的协同空战环境里帮助飞行员进行更有效的决策，在其指挥级，提出了一类有／无教师组合神经网络－ＰＢ－ＳＯＦＭ网络，并用它来完成目标分析和攻击排序。对于典型的２：４空战，给出了ＢＰ－ＳＯＦＭ网络的结构，并探讨了各个子网的训练和测试方法，及该组合神经网络的使用方法。设计并实现了一个基于ＢＰ－ＳＯＦＭ网络的多机协同空战仿真系统。仿真结果表明，该系统是可行的。     

无人战斗机的发展及其关键技术

回顾了无人战斗机（UCAV）的发展背景，简要介绍了目前国外无人战斗机的发展现状和重点研究方向。分析了其关键技术和发展过程中应解决的主要问题，详细介绍了其系统构成和技术要求，研究了未来无人战斗机系统成功的关键技术和人员因素问题，对我国UCAV的研制和发展具有指导意义和参考价值。