PIV技术在近水平油水两相流研究中的应用

自行研制了用于油水两相流研究的PIV（粒子图像速度仪）实验系统。该实验平台主要用于研究近水平油井测量仪器内的油水两相管流。分别对水平油水两相流中的分层流和分散流的速度场进行了测量。油水两相流流动速度分布与单相流有着明显不同的特征。油水分层流情况下油相和水相之间存在比较显著的速度滑移。而在水包油分散流的情况下,由于油滴平均直径在径向上的不对称分布,以及小油滴具有更好的跟随性等原因,油滴的轴向速度也呈现不对称性。PIV技术在油水两相流研究中展示出良好的应用潜力。     

功能梯度材料的有限元方法研究

针对功能梯度材料这种新型材料,提出了采用等参梯度元建立有限元模型的方法。推导了两种受力情况下各相同性功能梯度材料薄板的应力解析解。在实例运算中,通过梯度单元数值解与解析解及传统均一单元数值解的比较分析,验证了功能梯度材料采用等参梯度元建立有限元模型的有效性,对功能梯度材料的进一步研究具有一定的指导意义。     

层状介质平面交界裂纹的弹性波（P波和SV波）散射研究

 本文采用Fourier积分变换,将层状介质的弹性波传递矩阵法推广到含有平面交界裂纹层状介质的弹性渡散射问题,进而把散射问题转化为求解矩阵形式的对偶积分方程。作为特例,文中给出单一弹性层与半空间平面交界裂纹的弹性波散射远场模式,并计算几组不同材料组合情形下的远场模式幅频特性曲线,其数值结果表明幅频特性曲线有共振峰存在。     

基底/功能梯度涂层结构的动态热应力分析及结构优化

研究了金属基底 /功能梯度涂层结构中的动态热应力;对功能梯度材料的梯度指数进行了优化;分析了可能的破坏模式。研究结果表明,加热速度对结构中的热应力分布有很大的影响,存在优化的梯度指数使得结构具有最大的热强度。     

疏水微槽道内层流减阻的实验研究

研究了光滑和带有横向凹槽结构的疏水微槽道内层流的流动特性和表面滑移效应。在硅片上加工了矩形截面微槽道,利用十八烷基三氯硅烷（octadecyltrichlomsilane OTS）在槽道内壁形成疏水薄膜。实验结果表明在光滑疏水微槽道内的水流压降比无滑移条件下的理论值减少8％。对于侧壁带有凹槽结构的疏水微槽道,流动阻力可以降低10％～30％。笔者采用micro—PIV测量得到的壁面表观滑移速度约为槽道中心速度的8％,滑移长度约为2μm。实验结果与滑移壁面条件下三维槽道内层流的解析解吻合,同时得到了带有凹槽结构的疏水微槽道内的流速分布。     

等参梯度有限元应用于非线性梯度材料的研究

将等参梯度有限元法应用于非线性功能梯度材料,推导了2种受力情况下指数体积分数变化的功能梯度材料的应力分布解析解。通过不同的单元划分形式,对等参梯度元数值解、均匀单元数值解及解析解三者进行比较分析,得出等参梯度有限元方法对非线性梯度材料同样适用,为等参梯度有限元的推广应用提供了证据。     

Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

脉冲电流辅助粉末夹层TLP连接SiC_p/Al接头微观组织和力学性能

研究脉冲电流辅助瞬间液相(Transient Liquid Phase,TLP)扩散连接技术,采用粉末中间层,利用低压高强脉冲电流通过铝基复合材料搭接面与中间层,从而实现对SiC_p/2024Al复合材料板材的TLP扩散连接。分析不同工艺参数下连接试样的微观组织和力学性能,探索脉冲电流对铝基复合材料连接的影响机理。结果表明:采用真空压强为1×10~(-3)Pa,平均电流密度115 A/mm~2,连接预紧压力为0.5 MPa,连接时间60 min条件下,连接接头形成了良好的冶金连接界面,无缺陷产生;通过对连接接头微观组织观察发现,在脉冲电流作用下,接头原位生成弥散的高强度高硬度金属间化合物增强相,有效地提高了接头的力学性能。     

横向气流中的液体圆形射流破碎实验

采用了高速摄像仪对横向气流场中的液体圆形射流破碎过程进行了研究.实验中使用的喷嘴喷孔直径为0.3 mm,研究液体工质采用水,液气两相动量通量比的范围为10.2～80.结果表明,射流表面初始波动是蛇形波动,在气动力作用下逐渐发展成螺旋状表面波,最终增长到一定程度使得液体断开.随着气流速度的增加,气动力在射流破碎过程中将取代表面张力而占据主导地位,而且螺旋状表面波幅值会随气流速度增加而增加.射流运动轨迹脉动幅度随气流速度增加而增强,随射流速度增加而减弱.同时给出了射流破碎位置坐标与液气两相动量通量比之间的关系式,以及射流液柱在破碎点之前类似抛物线的轨迹曲线公式.      

ZrB2/C复合材料抗烧蚀性能及微观结构的研究

采用热压法制备ZrB2／C复合材料，利用氧乙炔火焰烧蚀法测试材料的质量烧蚀率和线烧蚀率，采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析材料的微观结构及物相变化。研究结果表明：和相同工艺制备的纯石墨材料相比，ZrB2的引入降低了炭材料的质量和线烧蚀率，ZrB2的加入量越大，烧蚀率降低幅度越大，ZrB2引入明显提高了炭材料的抗烧蚀性能；通过微观结构分析，探讨了ZrB2形态和含量对复合材料抗烧蚀性能影响的机理，研究结果展示了此材料作为高温烧蚀材料的良好应用前景。     

超薄双层复合结构界面特性超声兰姆波评价方法

提出超声兰姆波方法来评价超薄双层复合结构界面联接特性 ,这里“超薄”的概念是指层厚度 h远小于层中的声波波长λ,导致采用脉冲回波方法时 ,在时域上层前后界面的各次回波信号相互混迭。分析了超薄双层复合结构界面处于刚性联接、滑移联接和完全脱层 3种情况下超声兰姆波的色散特性 ,提出了以色散曲线为依据的超声兰姆波界面特性评价方法 ,进一步分析了影响方法估计准确性的各种因素。     

Ti合金与SiC_p/Al复合材料在无压浸渗同步复合过程中的相容性

采用熔铝无压浸渗复合工艺在高体份SiCp／Al复合材料制备过程中同步复合Ti合金零部件（圆柱体）,研究了这种跨宏-微观尺度、超混杂铝基复合材料的微观组织及性能,特别是SiCp／Al复合材料与Ti合金零部件之间的相容性。结果表明,复合材料性能优异、组织致密,SiC颗粒分布均匀、无偏聚现象。SiCp／Al复合材料与Ti合金之间的界面结合非常紧密,Ti元素向铝合金基体一侧有一定距离的扩散,并且出现了可增强界面结合的连续、无缺陷的界面反应物薄层,SEM和XRD分析表明界面反应产物为Al2Ti,界面剪切强度超过200MPa,完全可以满足在复合材料中的Ti合金零部件处加工装配孔的要求。     

单晶高温合金固液界面形状及对凝固组织的影响

ＤＤ８单晶高温合金在高温度梯度宽变速定向凝固装置上进行了单晶定向凝固实验，并在实验基础上系统地分析了凝固条件对固液界面形状及凝固组织缺陷的影响。结果表明，提高冷却速率，限制凝固速率在特定临界速率Ｖ＊以下，可以保持平直的固液界面；当超过这一临界速率Ｖ＊时，固液界面出现下凹，下凹的间液界面将导致形成小角度晶界、显微组织疏松及发散凝固组织，高凝固速率将导致定向凝固过程的个稳定性，制造冷却速率的定向凝固装置是实现快速定向凝固的必要条件。     

铼-钛（Re-Ti）功能梯度材料的设计与制备

利用电子束熔炼技术在钛合金基体上制备了铼钛(Re-Ti)功能梯度材料。通过对Re,Ti元素基本性质及Re-Ti二元合金相图的分析设计了Re-Ti梯度材料。通过模拟电子束熔炼温度场,确定了制备梯度材料的混合金属粉末配比和熔炼工艺。实验结果表明:Re-Ti梯度材料成形良好,桥渡层中各元素沿厚度方向连续均匀变化。     

航天器有限时间输出反馈姿态控制

研究在角速度不可测时航天器的有限时间姿态控制问题。基于有限时间控制技术,提出了由修正Rodrigues参数进行姿态描述的航天器输出反馈姿态控制算法。首先设计了单个航天器的输出反馈姿态控制器,在没有角速度反馈时也能够保证航天器姿态在有限时间内调节到期望姿态。之后,设计了无需绝对角速度和相对角速度信息的多航天器分布式输出反馈姿态控制器。使用Lyapunov理论和图论,对闭环系统全局有限时间稳定性进行了严格的证明。最后对提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,其结果验证了所设计的航天器输出反馈控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

Slip boundary conditions for rough surfaces

The velocity slip and temperature jump for a two-dimensional rough plate under hypersonic conditions were analyzed using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Surface roughness was explicitly modeled by introducing various structures on the flat plate. The influences of relative roughness height, which involves the roughness height, roughness spacing, incoming velocity, and the degree of rarefaction, were analyzed and discussed. It is found that with the increase of the relative roughness height, the jump temperature increases, while the slip velocity decreases gradually. The effects of surface roughness on the slip coefficients can be attributed to the change of accommodation coefficients. A new slip model for rough surfaces was established in this paper, which accounts for the coupling effects of gas rarefaction and surface roughness, without the effort to model the surface roughness explicitly. The nitrogen flows in the microchannel, and flows over a blunt cone and an axisymmetric bi-conic body, were simulated under the modified and conventional slip boundary conditions, respectively. The numerical solutions were validated with experimental data. It can be safely concluded that compared with the traditional first-order slip boundary conditions, the modified slip model improves the accuracy of macroscopic properties, especially the heat transfer coefficient.     

Preparation of CF/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered rubber for aircraft sealing and electromagnetic interference shielding applications

To meet the needs of preventing information leakage in space engineering and military industry, an efficient method was introduced to obtain layered electromagnetic shielding sealing rubber. The carbon fiber, Ni-Fe coating, and Carbon NanoTube (CNT) were combined by chemical plating and in-situ polymerization to obtain a lightweight (0.14 g/cm²) and thin (1 mm thick) Carbon fiber Fabric (CF)/Ni-Fe/CNT/silicone layered electromagnetic shielding composites. The layered material obtained by adjusting the electroless plating time exhibited a high Shielding Efficiency (SE) of 60.2–85.5 dB in the range of 0–4800 MHz, which can be used for aviation electromagnetic shielding. Carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes mainly attenuated electromagnetic waves through absorption loss, while the nickel-iron alloy coating through reflection loss interacted with the magnetic vector of incident ElectroMagnetic (EM) radiation and magnetic dipoles, therefore, the EM Interference (EMI) shielding composite attenuated EM waves with the “absorption-reflection-absorption” cooperative interaction. Moreover, the flexible fabric substrate adhered with silicone rubber possessed a breaking elongation of 52.3%, which can be utilized as a good sealing material. Simultaneously, the outstanding exothermicity (67.2 °C under the applied voltage of 5 V) makes it possible to be applied in electric heating area. The electromagnetic shielding composites prepared in this paper have good potential in the fields of precision electronic equipment and aviation systems.     

竖直平板Blasius流层流边界层流动与传热耦合解

对考虑辐射传热、流体黏度随温度变化、有和无滑移边界条件下的可渗透竖直平板Blasius流层流边界层的无量纲速度场与温度场进行了深入研究.经相似变换将描述速度场与温度场耦合的偏微分方程组转换成非线性常微分方程组,用Runge-Kutta法对常微分方程组进行了数值求解.研究了无量纲参数对无量纲速度场及温度场的影响,着重分析了滑移边界条件下速度和温度随无量纲参数的变化规律.结果表明:吸入时边界层变薄,喷注时边界层加厚;对比于无滑移边界条件,滑移边界条件下速度、温度边界层变薄;随着变黏度参数a或喷注与吸入参数的增大,壁面摩擦因数、局部努塞尔数Nu增大,速度和温度边界层变薄;随着普朗特数Pr、热辐射参数R的增加,或毕渥数Bi,布林克曼数Br的减小, 温度边界层变薄.      

原位自生MAX 相增强TiAl 基复合材料

叙述了近年来国内外原位自生MAX相增强TiAl基复合材料的研究进展。叙述了MAX相结构和性能,MAX相增强TiAl基复合材料的原位合成工艺的研究进展及原位合成机理,并对复合材料的微观组织、界面结构以及力学性能进行了综述,最后对其应用进行展望。     

Static Analysis of Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates Using an Efficient and Simple Refined Theory

In this paper, a new displacement based high-order shear deformation theory is introduced for the static response of function-ally graded sandwich plate. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, has strong similarity with classical plate theory in many aspects, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. Two common types of functionally graded sandwich plates, namely, the sandwich with functionally graded facesheet and homogeneous core and the sandwich with homogeneous facesheet and functionally graded core, are considered. Governing equations are derived from the principle of virtual displacements. The closed-form solution of a simply supported rectangular plate subjected to sinu-soidal loading has been obtained by using the Navier method. The validity of the present theory is investigated by comparing some of the present results with those of the classical, the first-order and the other higher-order theories. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the static bending behavior of functionally graded sandwich plates.