Real-time total system error estimation:Modeling and application in required navigation performance

In required navigation performance（RNP）, total system error（TSE） is estimated to provide a timely warning in the presence of an excessive error. In this paper, by analyzing the underlying formation mechanism, the TSE estimation is modeled as the estimation fusion of a fixed bias and a Gaussian random variable. To address the challenge of high computational load induced by the accurate numerical method, two efficient methods are proposed for real-time application, which are called the circle tangent ellipse method（CTEM） and the line tangent ellipse method（LTEM）,respectively. Compared with the accurate numerical method and the traditional scalar quantity summation method（SQSM）, the computational load and accuracy of these four methods are extensively analyzed. The theoretical and experimental results both show that the computing time of the LTEM is approximately equal to that of the SQSM, while it is only about 1/30 and 1/6 of that of the numerical method and the CTEM. Moreover, the estimation result of the LTEM is parallel with that of the numerical method, but is more accurate than those of the SQSM and the CTEM. It is illustrated that the LTEM is quite appropriate for real-time TSE estimation in RNP application.     

垂直于流向的截面中2D-PIV测量误差分析

常规二维粒子图像测速技术（2D-PIV）作为重要的流场测试手段,被越来越多地应用到各种类型的流场测量中。然而采用该技术对垂直于流向的截面进行测量时会产生明显误差,该误差是由2D-PIV原理中几何透视成像关系引起。本文分析了测量截面内有法向速度分量时透视误差产生原因及影响因素,建立了2D-PIV测量平面内的误差模型。通过实验测试验证了误差模型的正确性,确定了影响测量误差的关键参数为测量平面的法向速度和视场的离轴角。计算结果显示,最大透视误差可达法向速度的9.3%。根据误差模型进行分析,透视误差对流向涡类流场测量的影响主要为3个方面：改变流场速度量值大小、改变旋涡形状、改变旋涡的位置。最后,提出了一些减小误差的措施,为2D-PIV应用于垂直流向截面的测量提供了改进方法。     

A method for aircraft magnetic interference compensation based on small signal model and LMS algorithm

Aeromagnetic interference could not be compensated effectively if the precision of parameters which are solved by the aircraft magnetic field model is low. In order to improve the compensation effect under this condition, a method based on small signal model and least mean square（LMS） algorithm is proposed. According to the method, the initial values of adaptive filter＇s weight vector are calculated with the solved model parameters through small signal model at first,then the small amount of direction cosine and its derivative are set as the input of the filter, and the small amount of the interference is set as the filter＇s expected vector. After that, the aircraft magnetic interference is compensated by LMS algorithm. Finally, the method is verified by simulation and experiment. The result shows that the compensation effect can be improved obviously by the LMS algorithm when original solved parameters have low precision. The method can further improve the compensation effect even if the solved parameters have high precision.     

陀螺RRW在惯导系统中的误差传播特性

角速率随机游走是高精度光纤陀螺的一项主要随机误差源,对惯性导航系统的误差有着较大影响。分析了角速率随机游走的统计特性,推导了角速率随机游走引起的惯性导航系统姿态、位置误差的解析表达式,研究了静基座环境下的惯性导航系统在长时间导航环境下的随机误差传播规律,对角速率随机游走作用下的惯性导航系统误差进行了仿真与实验,验证了所推导公式的正确性,对惯性导航系统的设计与误差分析具有一定的参考意义。     

Design and implementation of five-axis transformation function in CNC system

To implement five-axis functions in CNC system, based on domestic system Lan Tian series, an improved design method for the system software structure is proposed in this paper. The numerical control kernel of CNC system is divided into the task layer and the motion layer. A five-axis transformation unit is integrated into the motion layer. After classifying five-axis machines into different types and analyzing their geometry information, the five-axis kinematic library is designed according to the abstract factory pattern. Furthermore, by taking CA spindle- tilting machine as an example, the forward and the inverse kinematic transformations are deduced. Based on the new software architecture and the five-axis kinematic library, algorithms of RTCP （rotation tool center point control） and 3D radius compensation for end-milling are designed and realized. The milling results show that, with five-axis functions based on such software struc- ture, the instructions with respect to the cutter＇s position and orientation can be directly carried out in the CNC system.     

复杂曲面五轴数控加工中刀具位置优化

针对复杂曲面五轴数控加工的刀具位置优化进行了研究并提出了一种基于五轴数控加工中非线性误差的分析和补偿的刀具位置优化方法。首先,简述了曲面加工中所用的平底圆角铣刀刀具位置的计算方法;然后,对刀具位置进行非线性误差分析并建立非线性误差模型,并基于这个模型得出插补段的最大非线性误差;接着通过对非线性误差模型中的非线性误差进行检测计算和补偿,最终得到满足加工精度要求的刀具位置。最后对该方法进行了模拟仿真。模拟的结果显示非线性误差的补偿对复杂曲面数控切削成形的几何精度有很重要的影响。     

一种直接基于三维CAD模型的复杂曲面轮廓度误差评定方法

面向数字化检测环境,提出了一种基于三维模型的曲面轮廓度误差评定方法。该方法首先在理论模型所处的CAD环境中创建测点特征,再直接求点到三维模型上理论曲面的距离,最后通过单纯形法对复杂曲面轮廓度误差进行评定。最后通过计算实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

光纤陀螺非线性误差的温度特性研究

在不同调制深度下,光纤陀螺反馈通道的非线性误差对陀螺输出精度会有不同的影响。在此研究的基础上,通过实验与仿真分析相结合的方式,对光纤陀螺反馈通道非线性误差的温度特性也做了进一步的研究。研究表明,随着温度的降低,非线性误差对输出的影响也随之增加。仿真采用光纤陀螺单轴板在温箱中测得的数据,并利用Simulink建模分析。     

载体角运动对旋转捷联惯导误差的影响分析

旋转捷联惯导系统采用旋转调制误差补偿技术对陀螺仪和加速度计误差进行调制,可以提高系统导航精度。在简要分析旋转调制误差补偿机理基础上,研究了单轴旋转方案中载体常值旋转和周期旋转2种角运动模式对导航误差的影响。结果表明：载体特定角运动对旋转捷联惯导的误差补偿效果有一定影响,且单轴正反转停方案中误差补偿效果所受影响相对较小。     

基于声震探测技术的靶场炸点坐标测量误差分析

针对靶场试验时需要精确确定弹丸落点（终点）坐标的问题,提出一种声震波联合定位方法,该方法具有监控范围大、不受自然条件影响、能发现未爆弹、性价比高、反应快等特点。该方法按照一定的阵形布设传感器,依据弹丸爆炸时产生的声波（或是未爆弹落地产生的震动波）到达各传感器的时间差,采用TDOA（TimeDifferenceofArrival,到达时间差）方法对弹丸落点坐标进行计算。具体阐述了TDOA方法的定位原理,并给出了整个测量系统的组成,简要叙述了整个测量系统的部署方案;采用GDOP（GeometricalDilutionofPrecision,几何稀释精度因子）方法分析了定位误差的主要影响因素,并对各种影响因素带来的误差量进行了详细分析与计算;最后采用本文设计的测量系统针对大口径火炮弹丸终点坐标的测量在靶场进行了试验,试验结果与理论分析的误差较一致,定位精度满足测量的要求。该方法满足靶场快速测量的要求。