A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.     

典型再入返回器气动特性对比与改进研究

返回器气动特性研究对宇宙飞船的研制起着先导和制约作用。文章对Apollo、CEV和类Soyuz这3种典型的轴对称钝头体再入返回器气动布局进行了气动特性的对比分析,发现与Apollo、CEV相比,类Soyuz外形的升阻比偏小,无法满足以第二宇宙速度载人空间再入返回的要求。在此基础上研究了几何参数（包括倒锥角和球冠半径）变化对类Soyuz外形返回器气动性能的影响规律,从中得到类Soyuz外形的改进方向,提出了一种以类Soyuz外形为基础的改进设计外形,并对该外形的升阻特性、稳定性和配平特性等相关气动特性进行了分析。研究表明通过对几何外形参数的调整优化来提高类Soyuz外形的升阻比,从而达到以第二宇宙速度再入返回的升阻比要求,这样的技术途径是可行的。     

220GHz返波振荡器高频特性及互作用研究

文章对220GHz折叠波导慢波电路的返波传输特性进行了研究。介绍了返波振荡器的工作原理,结合模拟仿真和理论分析,针对220GHz的返波振荡器,研究各个参数对冷特性的影响。对220GHz返波振荡器的高频结构进行了初步设计,给出了结构参数以及相应的模拟结果。结果表明在不考虑损耗的情况下,设计的结构可以在中心频率220GHz处获得约为0．5W的功率,可调谐范围是30GHz,调谐电压范围为5．5kV-12kV。     

一种大面积比喷管的分段式设计与数值分析

为了满足大推力上面级发动机大面积比喷管的设计需求,采用了排放冷却前段和单壁辐射冷却尾段的分段式设计方案。在排放冷却前段传热计算的基础上,通过对内流场进行数值模拟,重点研究了单壁尾段在引入上游排放冷却气氢情况下的冷却特性和喷管效率。结果表明:对于大面积比喷管,采用带二次流的单壁金属喷管延伸段是现实可行的,有望达到较好的冷却保护效果并提高喷管效率。     

变形飞行器建模及控制方法研究综述

针对变形飞行器的发展现状、气动建模、动力学建模以及控制方法研究进行了综述。首先阐述了变形飞行器的定义及变形需求,再从四个方面梳理了变形飞行器的技术优势。针对不同的机翼变形方式,对飞行器各种变形技术的特点及发展现状进行了详细的分析与总结;将变形飞行器与固定外形飞行器的气动机理进行了对比分析,并对变形飞行器的动力学建模方法进行了梳理,总结了各种方法的特点;结合变形飞行器自身特性分析了飞行控制的特点及难点,并详细阐述了各类变形飞行器的控制研究进展。最后总结分析了变形飞行器的发展趋势：深化基础理论与技术研究,从材料、结构及控制等领域全方面朝着智能化方向发展,最终实现变形飞行器的工程化、自主化、智能化应用。     

主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态气动特性分析

针对传统直升机构型中主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩需要尾翼或是反向旋转的共轴旋翼加以抵消,从而造成能量浪费的问题,以将主旋翼旋转时产生的扭矩转化为升力为出发点,提出了一种主旋翼带动下方无动力旋翼旋转的主/从动式组合旋翼气动布局构型。通过动量叶素理论以及CFD数值模拟中的多重参考系法,对主/从动式组合旋翼悬停状态的气动特性进行了初步分析,结果表明,此构型中的下方从动旋翼利用上方主动旋翼的扭矩产生了额外10%的升力,同时下方从动旋翼在上方主动旋翼引流的有利干扰下升力系数提高了35%。     

三维内转式进气道对双旁进气飞行器力矩特性的影响分析

为了研究三维内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响规律,对一系列设计状态为Ma=6.5的内转式进气道展开力矩特性研究。对不同布局形式,进气形式以及基准流场中心体的内转式进气道对飞行器力矩特性的影响展开分析研究。研究结果表明,对于内转式进气道而言,有连接板的水滴型进气道双侧布局力矩特性较优,且容易满足飞行器总体需求;布局形式对进气道的力矩特性影响最显著,进气形式对侧滑力矩的影响比基准流场中心体影响更明显,而抬头力矩和滚转力矩受基准流场中心体影响更加突出;中心体在0~0.1Rs(Rs为基准流场入口半径)变化时,抬头力矩变化不大,而在0.1~0.2Rs抬头力矩变化明显。     

One-to-one relationship between low latitude whistlers and conjugate source lightning discharges and their propagation characteristics

One-to-one relation with its causative lightning discharges and propagation features of night-time whistlers recorded at low-latitude station, Allahabad (geomag. lat. 16.05°N, L = 1.08), India, from continuous observations made during 1–7 April, 2011 have been studied. The whistler observations were made using the Automatic Whistler Detector (AWD) system and AWESOME VLF receiver. The causative lightning strikes of whistlers were checked in data provided by World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A total of 32 whistlers were observed out of which 23 were correlated with their causative lightnings in and around the conjugate location (geom. lat. 9.87°S) of Allahabad. A multi-flash whistler is also observed on 1 April with dispersions 15.3, 17.5 and 13.6 s^1/2. About 70% (23 out of 32) whistlers were correlated with the WWLLN detected causative lightnings in the conjugate region which supports the ducted mode of propagation at low latitude. The multi-flash and short whistlers also propagated most likely in the ducted mode to this station.