Super resolution time delay estimation via MODE-WRELAX

We consider estimating time delays and amplitudes (real- or complex-valued) from the superposition of very closely spaced signals with known shapes. The well-known high resolution MODE (Method Of Direction Estimation) algorithm, which was originally proposed for angle estimation in array processing, is modified and used with our efficient time delay estimation method WRELAX (Weighted Fourier transform and RELAXation based) algorithm to deal with this problem. The proposed method is referred to as MODE-WRELAX. MODE-WRELAX provides better accuracy than MODE and higher resolution than WRELAX. Moreover, it can be used for both complex- and real-valued signals (including those with highly oscillatory correlation functions). Numerical results show that the MODE-WRELAX estimates can approach the corresponding Cramer-Rao bound. Efficient implementation of the algorithm is also discussed     

A fast arc fault detection method for AC solid state power controllers in MEA

Arc fault detection is desperately required in Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC) in addition to their fundamental functions because arcs will provoke growing harm and threat to aircraft safety. Experimental study has been done to obtain the faulted current data. In order to improve the detection speed and accuracy, two fast arc fault detection methods have been proposed in this paper with the analysis of only half cycle data. Both Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Wavelet Packets Decomposition (WPD) have been adopted to distinguish arc fault currents from normal operation currents. Analysis results show that Alternating Current (AC) arcs can be effectively and accurately detected with the proposed half cycle data based methods. Moreover, experimental verification results have also been provided.     

Bispectral analysis of atmospheric radar signals

The bispectral analysis techniques have been applied on signals received from the back-scattered signals by the MST radar. The results of this analysis are compared with that of the conventional power spectral analysis using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique. Our results showed that there is a significant advantage in using the bispectral technique over the conventional FFT technique. This study focuses on the importance of bispectral analysis in applications to atmospheric signals.     

406 MHz ELT signal spectra for SARSAT

The signal format and spectral properties of the 406-MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) used in the search and rescue satellite aided tracking (SARSAT) system are examined. The ELT improves location estimate accuracies and can relay information about the particular aircraft and its problem, by means of the digitally modulated message fields. It is shown that due to the RF signal frequency characteristics and the Doppler shift, processing must be performed over a frequency band of approximately 25 kHz. Through the use of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), the frequency spectrum of the ELT is analyzed, taking account of effects due to noise, multiple simultaneously received signals, and Doppler shift. It is demonstrated that the FFT provides an effective means for detecting and recognizing the presence of one or more ELT signals over this 25-kHz frequency band. Some recommendations are made to improve the spectral characteristics and the performance of the ELT     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

A new quadrature sampling and processing approach

A quadrature sampling and array signal processing technique that differs from earlier approaches in that is processes the data before the Hilbert transformation is presented. A fast Fourier transformation (FFT) technique that performs the discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) on the sampled data directly without Hilbert transformation is proposed for frequency-domain signal processing. For array signal processing, the proposed approach does not perform Hilbert transformation prior to signal combining. It features high processing speed, low distortion, and hardware simplicity. Error analyses, performance evaluation, and computer simulation results are included     

A Coarse Search Correlation Tracker for Image Registration

A high-speed compact digital correlation tracker which determines the frame-to-frame translational motion between two images is presented. By combining a similarity detection approach with the correlation coefficient in a parallel pipelined architecture, effective tracking rates comparable to conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques can be achieved. Examples of the tracker's performance using simulated data and image data acquired by an active infrared radar are given.     

支承松动的转子系统动力学模型及其故障诊断方法

针对滚动轴承转子系统支承松动故障 ,考虑了松动间隙的非线性情况 ,以转子动力学、Hertz接触理论和非线性动力学理论为基础 ,建立了转子系统的动力学模型。对转子系统动力学方程在松动故障和无故障情况下分别进行数值积分 ,得到两种情况下轴承座 (有故障时为松动端 )上的振动仿真信号。利用频谱和小波变换对所获振动信号进行了处理 ,并将结果进行了分析 ,得出小波变换不但能很好地诊断滚动轴承—转子系统的支承松动故障 ,而且比 Fourier变换在更低转速下诊断出转子系统的支承松动故障      

快速傅立叶变换的多机并行计算

快速傅立叶变换(FFT)运算速度相比离散傅立叶变换(DFT)提高了1至2个数量级,但当离散信号的有限序列太长时,FFT算法同样也无法满足实时系统的需要.本文提出一种基于共享存储的多处理机计算FFT的并行算法,并给出该算法的性能分析.计算机仿真实验表明,该FFT并行算法有效、高速,适合于实时处理系统.     

On the false alarm probability for an overlapped FFT processor

A standard processor for detecting narrowband signals in noise applies the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to overlapped data blocks, and then sums the squared magnitudes of the bins from successive FFTs. The overlap of the data blocks causes these bins to be correlated, even when the noise is white. A simple expression is derived for the probability of false alarm when the covariance matrix of the FFT bins is tridiagonal     

临界冰形确定方法及其对气动特性影响研究

临界冰形是指在适航规章结冰包线内,每个可用飞行构型下,对飞机操纵性和稳定性影响最严重的冰形,临界冰形分析是飞机适航取证中的重要工作。对临界冰形确定方法,及临界冰形对气动特性的影响进行了研究。发展了基于 CFD 方法计算临界冰形的一般方法,包括临界冰形分析状态、敏感性分析截面确定、结冰参数敏感性分析、临界结冰条件确定、临界冰形确定等。流场计算采用中航工业空气动力研究院气动力计算平台(UNSMB),基于 Jameson 中心格式的有限体积法求解 N-S 方程;水滴撞击特性计算采用 Eulerian 方法求解水滴轨迹运动方程;结冰计算采用经典的 Messinger 热力学模型。选取 CRM 飞机为研究对象,以机翼外翼50%展长处为敏感性分析截面,在典型飞行条件下,分析了结冰对环境温度、水滴直径、飞行速度、飞行迎角等参数的敏感性。利用“几何外形敏感性分析方法”,即通过对比冰形的上下冰角角度和冰角厚度等冰形几何参数来确定最严重冰形,得到了CRM 飞机的临界结冰条件和临界冰形,其中敏感性分析截面在水滴直径为30μm 时上冰角厚度和下冰角厚度最大,冰角最大厚度约41 mm。计算了结冰后的气动性能衰减规律,临界冰形对飞机气动性能影响严重,导致升力降低6.7%~23.8%,阻力增加17%~70.9%。发展了45min 待机临界冰形确定方法,基于几何外形敏感性分析方法进行环境温度、水滴直径、飞行条件等各类参数的结冰敏感性分析,得到飞机的临界结冰条件和临界冰形,对于民用飞机设计和适航取证具有一定的工程应用价值。     

Graphical Solutions to Harmonic Analysis

The basic Fourier integral is studied in terms of the maximum possible harmonic amplitudes, whether or not they actually exist. Graphs that define the pulse shapes in terms of time period, pulse width, rise time, and amplitude are produced. Rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, and two forms of exponential waveshapes are considered. The discrete harmonic concept is further developed to include the harmonic or noise content in a given bandwidth representative of single pulse and step-type functions. Experimental results that demonstrate the accuracy of actual measurements versus the predicted values are included. Very close correlation can be obtained on pulse shapes, which can be represented by the waveforms cited. Additional text that presents the derivation of the graphs and indicates how other waveshapes can similarly be rendered in graphical form is included.     

一种虚拟信号分析仪的设计

介绍了虚拟信号分析仪的结构和现代信号的处理方法。基于傅立叶变换、短时傅立叶变换和小波变换,提出了一种虚拟信号分析仪的系统软件模块的实现方法。该方法利用这三种变换,对信号进行多次处理,能够得到信号的时域、频域和时频域信息,能够对信号进行降噪处理。实验表明,利用此分析仪,能够测量信号的周期、频率、瞬时频率、时频变换趋势和奇异点,并且能以图形的形式显示出来。     

Microprocessor Matched Filtering of Emergency Chirp Signals

A microcomputer matched filter solution is suggested for identifying emergency locator transmitter (ELT) signals from aircraft in distress. A sliding fast Fourier transform (FFT) with adjustable delay covers all permissible ELT sweep rates. The sweep rate for optimum response is retained for signal classification purposes. An additional nonsliding FFT is used to test for the possible presence of monotone modulation in the frequency range of the ELT, and an additional uncorrelated test helps establish a background reference level for positive ELT identiflcation.     

A SAR processor based on two-dimensional FFT codes

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) processor approach based on two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) codes coupled with an asymptotic evaluation of the unit response function is presented. For the latter, no approximation is made to the distance function, so that the full range of geometric aberrations is analytically considered, enabling an effective reference filter to be designed. The two-dimensional FFTs were designed as to run on computers of very limited memory: the required FFT is computed by means of FFTs of lower order. Two FFT codes were considered: one is faster and allows full or reduced (quick look or multilook) resolution performance to be obtained easily; the second is slower but allows the use of a space-varying filter and/or investigations on limited portions (zoom) of the image. Both codes are suited to parallel processing, e.g. by a transputer net. A full discussion on computer memory and time requirements is presented as well as first examples of image processing results     

双脉冲固体火箭发动机压强振荡特性研究

为了研究隔舱消融对双脉冲发动机中燃烧室的压强振荡影响规律,选择隔舱消融几个典型时刻进行研究,运用大涡模拟(LES)方法,对Ⅱ脉冲工作时的发动机流场稳定性进行数值模拟.最后得到了各工况下的压强时间曲线及其快速傅氏变换(FFT)结果.分析表明:由于Ⅱ脉冲工作初期隔舱暴露在流场中产生额外扰动,以及隔舱级间通道形成狭窄通道的加速作用,是导致边界层分离而引起障碍涡脱落的主要因素.点火初期,双脉冲发动机易发生轻微压强振荡.随隔舱消融,整个流场在发动机工作中、后期逐渐趋于平稳.      

Total information processor for 121.5/243 MHz SARSAT signals

Search and rescue satellite-aided tracking (SARSAT) has certain shortcomings which could possibly be ameliorated by employing a more extensive signal processing strategy. The approach proposed is based on partially compensating for the Doppler shift, which then permits the data processing windows to be increased significantly. Incorporating a ranking technique with the conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor and implementing an autoregressive moving-average estimator provides an optimal strategy that maximizes the probability of detecting the emergency signals     

航空发动机转子碰磨故障状态识别

基于谐振动在弹性介质传递过程中能量波动的特点, 提出一种以能量分布与传递为出发点的转子碰磨状态识别方法.该方法以快速傅立叶变换法处理测振信号, 以能量的观点理解振动色谱图, 并结合时域图、频谱图和瀑布图对转子是否存在碰磨做出判断.经试验验证, 该方法简便可行, 为工程应用提供了实践依据.      

Modified fast Fourier transform in FBMC for satellite communications

In this paper,a Doppler scaling fast Fourier transform (Doppler-FFT) algorithm for filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) is proposed,which can efficiently eliminate the impact of the Doppler scaling in satellite communications.By introducing a Doppler scaling factor into the butterfly structure of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm,the proposed algorithm eliminates the differences between the Doppler shifts of the received subcarriers,and maintains the same order of computational complexity compared to that of the traditional FFT.In the process of using the new method,the Doppler scaling should be estimated by calculating the orbital data in advance.Thus,the inter-symbol interference (ISI) and the inter-carrier interference (ICI) can be completely eliminated,and the signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) will not be affected.Simulation results also show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a 0.4 dB performance gain compared to the frequency domain equalization (FDE) algorithm in satellite communications.     

二元高超声速进气道不起动状态的信号特征及预警

 对高超声速进气道的不起动进行了研究,首先给出了某二元高超声速进气道由起动到不起动全过程的壁面压强信号历程,并利用短时傅里叶变换(STFT)和小波变换(WT)方法对不起动过程中壁面压强信号的时-频特性进行了分析,然后采用累积和(CUSUM)和最大似然比(GLR)变化检测算法,对高超声速进气道的喘振现象进行了预测。研究结果表明,高超声速进气道喘振发生时,壁面压强信号的时-频特性存在显著改变,能量谱密度(PSD)分布出现了有规律的集中,其基频在200～340 Hz范围,并随着堵塞度(TR)的增加而增加。另外,在喘振发生前,进气道收敛段的下壁面附近存在大尺度的分离包,其有规律的尺度变化和前后移动导致了明显的壁面压强脉动特征,因此可作为一种前兆来预测喘振现象的出现。在本文条件下,两种变化检测算法均可在大喘发生前约220 ms发出警报,表明了该喘振预警思路的可行性。