一种MEMS陀螺仪零偏建模与估计方法

针对MEMS陀螺仪零偏随时间变化的问题,提出了一种MEMS陀螺仪的零偏建模与估计方法.通过分析静态条件下陀螺仪零偏变化的影响因素,建立了陀螺仪零偏和温度之间的差分方程模型.采用系统辨识的方法,给出了系统模型的参数辨识流程.基于最小二乘法,实现了模型参数的辨识.设计了测试验证试验,基于陀螺仪的零偏样本特性建立了三阶差分方程,并进行了参数辨识和模型验证,结果表明该模型可以有效地估计陀螺仪的零偏.     

利用姿态机动的绳系卫星编队系统轨道协同控制

为克服绳系卫星编队系统在轨道机动过程中的系绳摆动现象，提出一种通过调整领航星推力方向进而实现编队系统轨道跟踪的控制算法。由于推力方向角与状态量互相耦合且少于系统自由度个数，轨道协同控制属于典型的非仿射欠驱动控制问题。针对此问题，首先采用升阶法将角速度作为虚拟控制输入；然后为各子系统设计子滑模面后加权得到高层滑模面和等效控制输入律，并设计观测器估计系统非线性项；其次基于模型预测控制算法优化得到最高层滑模面的趋近控制律；最后采用MATLAB/Simulink验证了所提控制算法的有效性。     

石英谐振加速度计振梁内部热应力的抑制方法研究

石英谐振加速度计具有抗干扰能力强、准数字输出和易于集成等优点，但温漂成为了制约其稳定性指标的关键因素。本文通过全石英无异质材料设计和热应力隔离结构方案有效抑制加速度计振梁内部产生的热应力。传感器敏感结构由惯性质量块、铰链、固定基底和微谐振器组成，均采用石英晶体材料制备，且两个微谐振器呈差动布置可以通过差分对振梁内热应力进行部分抑制。通过微谐振器的四边形框架设计可以将工作环境中产生的热应力与振梁隔离，再对固定基底上的热应力敏感部分进行拓扑优化设计来抑制工作时从固定锚点处传递至振梁内部的热应力。本文对石英谐振加速度计进行了全温度下的有限元仿真计算分析，工作环境温度从室温到75 ℃，微谐振器振梁内部产生的热应力经优化后减少了99.41%以上。     

An atmosphere-breathing propulsion system using inductively coupled plasma source

CubeSats have attracted more research interest recently due to their lower cost and shorter production time. A promising technology for CubeSat application is atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion, which can capture the atmospheric particles as propulsion propellant to maintain long-term mission at very low Earth orbit. This paper designs an atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion system for a 3 U CubeSat, which consists of an intake device and an electric thruster based on the inductively coupled plasma. The capture performance of intake device is optimized considering both particles capture efficiency and compression ratio. The plasma source is also analyzed by experiment and simulation. Then, the thrust performance is also estimated when taking into account the intake performance. The results show that it is feasible to use atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion technology for CubeSats to compensate for aerodynamic drag at lower Earth orbit.     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.     

MEMS梳齿音叉陀螺零偏漂移特性研究

由于MEMS（微机电系统）音叉陀螺多用于车载及无人机导航等应用场合，而外界温度环境因素对其零偏性能有着很大的影响，因此其零偏漂移的大小直接影响着最终导航的性能。本文研究了全温范围传感器漂移特性，旨在提升陀螺零偏稳定性。通过改进电路设计以及采用实时补偿算法对其全温范围零偏漂移进行补偿，将零偏稳定性提升了一个数量级。     

无温度传感器的金属振动陀螺温度补偿

金属振动陀螺是一种低成本、长寿命的新型简并模谐振陀螺,其结构相对简单,加工相对容易实现。但是,金属材料的温度系数和热膨胀系数大,其受到温度变化的影响明显,温度漂移对器件最终性能的影响较为明显。因此,对金属振动陀螺进行温度补偿,可以显著提高器件性能指标。建立了金属振动陀螺的温度模型,确定环境温度对器件谐振频率和零位偏移的影响关系。研究发现,金属振动陀螺谐振频率的温度系数具有超高线性度,可以替代温度传感器的作用,直接用谐振频率作为温度补偿量的输入。基于温度模型,进一步建立了温度漂移补偿模型,计算金属振动陀螺谐振频率的温度系数和零位偏移的温度关系,并对金属振动陀螺的温度漂移进行补偿。通过实验结果验证,金属振动陀螺谐振频率的温度系数为0.0536 Hz/℃,线性度达3.4×10~(-6),零位偏移和温度呈二次曲线关系,温度补偿后,金属振动陀螺的随机漂移可降低65%左右。