带移动负载海上浮筒系统运动响应特性初步研究

将某类海上自动作业系统简化为带移动负载的浮筒系统,其中负载简化为外径为180mm、约50kg重的柱型体,浮筒为外径533mm的圆筒;初步设计了浮筒系统的主参数。在此基础上,采用频域数值模拟计算,获得了浮筒自由状态下的固有周期和运动响应传递函数(RAO);再采用时域模拟方法,预报了3级海况下(JONSWAP谱)浮筒系统整体的运动响应特性,给出了运动响应幅值、最小干舷高度等特性参数,可为相关装备设计提供技术参考和借鉴。     

计算机在光栅和线纹检测中的应用

介绍了一个将PC机和8031单片机组成的计算机系统应用于光栅尺、线纹尺检测的实例。     

磁强计在航天器上的应用与前景

随着科学的进步,磁强计已被广泛地应用于航天器.本文首先根据磁强计测量原理的不同,对其进行分类.分别介绍各类磁强计的物理测量原理,描述其特性、精度、适用范围.同时概括目前在航天器得到较广泛应用的磁强计.在此基础上,进一步具体分析磁强计作为卫星载荷、姿态测量和控制以及自主导航轨道计算的方法、作用和特点.然后,针对这三个方面应用指出其在航天器上应用存在主要问题和关键技术.最后,对磁强计在航天器上的应用进行总结.同时对其未来的发展进行展望,磁强计在航天器上仍有着良好发展前景.     

某型飞机机身合拢总装型架设计新技术

某型飞机机身合拢总装型架，在设计上采用了先进制造技术。型架上装有目前国际先进的光学坐标系统，型架地基采用整体框架式底盘。型架结构为分散式。按飞机飞行状态在型架中摆放，并由上方起吊形式下架。本文简要介绍了该型架的设计、制造情况及效果。     

微机在发展光学计测中的作用

通过列举材料，阐述了微型电子计算机的特点与功能，微机在光学计测中的作用，展望了微机在未来光学计测中的应用前景。     

一种非接触光外差轮廓仪

介绍了一种纳米级非接触超高精度光外差轮廓仪。该量仪是基于普通光路的外差干涉仪,两束具有微小频差的激光束照射到制件表面:其中一束光被会聚后作为测量光针扫瞄制件表面;另一束光则被用作参考光束。这两束光经反射后形成干涉,所得信号的光程差与制件表面高度变化成正比。量仪的横向分辩力小于2μm,垂直分辩力小于1nm。制件不需要进行大的调整。制件表面同时亦被作为测量参考面。经光电转换后,信号由微机处理,从而快速完成测量、计算、显示与打印各种参数与图形。     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

超静超稳卫星碰振动力学建模

针对分离式卫星载荷模块(PM)受到扰动时可能与服务模块(SM)发生碰撞的问题，综合音圈电机反电动势(back-EMF)和柔性线缆动力学的效应，基于牛顿欧拉法建立了分离式卫星(DFP)载荷模块动力学模型。基于Hertz接触理论，推导了分离式卫星碰撞过程中连续接触力模型，并分析了碰撞过程中产生的接触力对载荷模块指向精度和指向稳定度的影响。数值仿真结果表明，碰撞使得载荷模块指向精度和指向稳定度下降5个数量级，碰撞后载荷模块可再次恢复到超静超稳工作状态，恢复时间超过1400 s。本文建立的碰撞模型对研究分离式卫星碰撞规避和碰撞控制具有重要意义。     

夜气辉对天基光学碎片探测的影响分析

设计并完成了夜气辉背景下的天基碎片观测试验，获取了综合谱段的观测数据。基于观测数据进行夜气辉的辐射特性及其对天基碎片探测的影响分析。结果表明，夜气辉辐射随纬度和高度呈现一定的分布特点，这些特点均符合夜气辉的理论分布规律。在约90 km处辐射最强，亮度可达到单位积分时间每平方角秒近15星等，这对恒星及碎片提取概率影响较大，其中，13等星的提取概率仅为40.5%。