考虑局部遮挡的太阳能无人机能源控制

针对太阳能无人机在飞行状态下可能出现的太阳能电池局部遮挡情况，开展相应的太阳能电池最大功率点追踪算法和能源控制研究。通过将发光亮度引入相对吸引力计算过程对萤火虫算法进行改进，实现了局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的高效追踪。以此为基础，设计了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能无人机的太阳能电池/蓄电池混合能源状态机控制规则。以"蒲公英I"无人机为例，建立了太阳能电池阵列模型，开展了考虑局部遮挡情况下太阳能电池最大功率点追踪仿真实验；基于"蒲公英I"飞行剖面，开展了考虑局部遮挡情况的混合能源控制仿真试验。研究结果表明：改进的萤火虫算法可以实现在局部阴影情况下太阳能电池最大功率点的有效跟踪，与萤火虫算法相比收敛时间更短、且功率波动幅度更小；采用改进萤火虫算法和状态机能源管理策略，在考虑局部遮挡的飞行状态下可以实现太阳能电池/蓄电池之间的合理功率分配与控制。     

基于深度学习的空间站舱内服务机器人视觉跟踪

为提升舱内跟随服务机器人的任务辅助能力,解决机器人对航天员的视觉跟踪问题,提出了一种基于深度学习和概率模型的人体视觉跟踪算法。利用深度卷积神经网络实现了对穿着多样、姿态任意人体的稳定检测。结合人体检测结果,设计了运动预测概率模型,实现了对指定人员准确、连续的跟踪。算法对包含大多数航天员活动的多个数据集进行了验证。实验结果表明:提出的跟踪算法实现了对穿着多样、姿态任意人体的稳定跟踪,并有效避免了由于穿着相似、遮挡可能造成的误跟踪问题。该算法为空间站舱内跟随服务机器人对航天员的视觉跟踪提供了有效的解决方法。算法基于融合的RGB-D图像,工程上易于构建和实现,也可拓展到其他跟随服务机器人视觉跟踪任务中。     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

基于改进粒子群优化模糊控制的MPPT算法研究

在光照强度和温度变化时,常规的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法难以快速准确地跟踪光伏系统最大功率点。针对此问题,设计了一种改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)的模糊控制器。首先,依据常规MPPT特性,设计了一种带调整因子的模糊控制算法以快速收敛到最大功率点；然后,采用参数自适应PSO对设计的模糊控制器调整因子进行动态优化。仿真结果表明:所设计的参数自适应PSO优化模糊控制器能快速准确地跟踪最大功率点,保证了MPPT的动态响应速度和稳态精度,提高了光伏系统的工作效率。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

基于混杂非对称复合材料的自适应对日定向器

提出并设计了一种基于混杂非对称复合材料层合板的新型自适应对日定向器。该对日定向器采用混杂非对称复合材料层合板作为驱动元件，利用在轨光照条件的变化引起复合材料层合板温度变化，进而使其产生热变形并驱动太阳翼发生偏转。提出的自适应对日定向器结合传统的单自由度对日定向机构，能够实现太阳能帆板的双自由度对日定向。介绍了自适应对日定向器的基本原理，并结合地球静止轨道的光照条件进行了具体设计。利用能量变分原理建立了混杂非对称复合材料的热变形模型，分析其热变形特点，并利用有限元方法对定向器在地球静止轨道上的温度场特性、热变形及对日定向转动角度进行分析。有限元分析结果表明，通过合理设计，自适应对日定向器的转角能够随太阳光入射角变化呈线性变化，定向精度可达±1°。     

动态时频谱分析、探测和跟踪的随机有限集法

动态出现和消失多分量信号的时频分析问题一直是非平稳信号处理的难点之一。为此，提出了一种分析、探测和跟踪多分量信号的随机有限集法。该算法利用时频变换，如短时傅里叶变换或自适应谱估计法，以及多项式预测模型，将多分量信号的时频分析问题归纳成可利用随机有限集进行多目标追踪的问题。分析表明：借助于提出的初始权重赋值算法，以及谱分量幅度和频率的联合似然函数，就可利用高斯混合概率假设密度滤波器来实现对动态时频谱的分析、探测和跟踪。在仿真实验中，所提算法有效提升了动态时频谱的跟踪精度，其对微弱时频谱分量的探测能力，以及对载频差异的分析能力均优于文献报道的算法。     

基于CDKF的快速协方差交叉融合跟踪算法研究

随着目标抗干扰能力的增强，单一寻的制导方式很难完成对目标的稳定跟踪和精确打击，需采用多种探测器作为传感器，提供多种观测数据以实现对目标的稳定跟踪和精确打击。建立了适当的目标运动模型和观测模型，利用中心差分卡尔曼滤波（CDKF）变换处理模型的非线性问题，避免了求解复杂的雅克比矩阵。对于分布式多传感器融合，传统的方法多采用协方差交叉（CI）融合方法，但是这类方法需要寻优求解。而快速协方差交叉（FCI）则不需要进行寻优过程，且计算量小。在此基础上，提出了用于多传感器目标跟踪的CDKF-FCI融合算法。最后，对算法进行了仿真分析，并进一步验证了提出算法的有效性。     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

行星着陆大气进入段自适应滑模抗扰控制方法

针对行星探测器着陆过程可能存在的干扰影响着陆精度问题，提出了一种抗干扰控制方法。首先建立行星探测器着陆控制模型，利用非线性干扰观测器实现对系统外部干扰的估计；在此基础上提出一种自适应滑模控制律，使得系统状态快速收敛到平衡点附近。最后，将该方法应用于火星着陆场景进行仿真。结果表明，提出的自适应滑模控制方法能够在未知扰动存在的情况下，有效实现行星探测器安全着陆，提高着陆任务的成功率。