倾转旋翼机流动机理及气动干扰特性试验

采用试验方法测量了悬停和过渡状态倾转旋翼机旋翼/机翼气动干扰特性,部分揭示了干扰流动的机理。基于3D-PIV(particle image velocimetry)技术的流场测量结果,发现大总距状态相对于小总距时倾转旋翼下洗流收缩更为剧烈,并有更强烈的卷起涡;揭示了“喷泉效应”的产生机理,受旋翼诱导作用的影响,“喷泉”中心的位置会随着总距和间距的改变而发生显著变化。测量了不同构型及状态参数对倾转旋翼/机翼之间气动干扰影响,发现减小垂直或水平距离均可使倾转旋翼升力有所增大,但将会增加机翼受到的旋翼下洗载荷。进行了该构型过渡状态气动干扰特性试验,获得旋翼、机翼综合气动特性与机翼攻角之间的影响关系,在较大机翼攻角时,将会加强对旋翼下洗流的阻碍作用,对旋翼起到类似“地面效应”的增升效果,但该现象随着机翼的偏转不断削弱;机翼升力随机翼段攻角增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势。      

吸气式涡轮冲压发动机性能模拟及验证

为验证吸气式涡轮冲压发动机(ATR)模型的精度,参考国外公开的试验数据,对现有ATR模型进行了修正.使用修正后的模型模拟了ATR节流性能和过渡态性能.计算结果和试验数据对比表明:高换算转速条件下的计算结果与试验结果相对误差在1%以内;低换算转速条件下,由于燃气发生器燃气性质和燃烧室出口燃气性质不准确,相对误差有所增加,但未超过5%.全换算转速范围内各参数变化趋势相同.对比结果表明该ATR模型可以很好地模拟ATR慢车以上工况的性能,同时证明了现有ATR模型的可靠性和合理性.      

吸气式空气涡轮冲压发动机的过渡态性能

为计算吸气式空气涡轮冲压(air-turbo-ramjet,ATR)发动机过渡态性能,建立了ATR发动机过渡态模型.通过与传统涡喷发动机供油原则对比得到了ATR发动机供油应遵循的规律,计算得到了给定供油规律下的ATR发动机加减速性能.结果显示ATR发动机在供油规律选择上更加灵活,并能很好地满足喘振裕度的要求.根据ATR发动机自身特点,在补足低转速特性后,本模型可直接模拟ATR发动机起动过程.      

不同聚集因素对燃烧室凝相颗粒粒度分布的影响

设计了一种凝相颗粒收集装置,可对燃烧室内不同聚集状态下的粒子进行完整的收集,并对颗粒的形态影响较小。针对HTPB推进剂,开展了不同流通面积和颗粒浓度条件下的粒子收集实验,利用扫描电镜和激光粒度分析仪,对收集到的粒子进行了分析。结果表明,不同聚集状态下的凝相颗粒粒径均分布在0.1～200μm之间,随着流通面积的减小,小于3μm的颗粒逐渐减少,3～10μm之间的颗粒变化不大,大于10μm的颗粒逐渐增加,颗粒平均粒径d43和d50均逐渐增大,且d43和d50的变化率也逐渐增加;随着颗粒浓度的增加,颗粒平均粒径d43和d50增大较明显。     

Robust Control for Static Loading of Electro-hydraulic Load Simulator with Friction Compensation

Load simulator is a key test equipment for aircraft actuation systems in hardware-in-the-loop-simulation. Static loading is an essential function of the load simulator and widely used in the static/dynamic stiffness test of aircraft actuation systems. The tracking performance of the static loading is studied in this paper. Firstly, the nonlinear mathematical models of the hydraulic load simulator are derived, and the feedback linearization method is employed to construct a feed-forward controller to improve the force tracking performance. Considering the effect of the friction, a LuGre model based friction compensation is synthesized, in which the unmeasurable state is estimated by a dual state observer via a controlled learning mechanism to guarantee that the estimation is bounded. The modeling errors are attenuated by a well-designed robust controller with a control accuracy measured by a design parameter. Employing the dual state observer is to capture the different effects of the unmeasured state and hence can improve the friction compensation accuracy. The tracking performance is summarized by a derived theorem. Experimental results are also obtained to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

RBFs-MSA Hybrid Method for Mesh Deformation

Simulating unsteady flow phenomena involving moving boundaries is a challenging task,one key requirement of which is a reliable and fast algorithm to deform the computational mesh.Radial basis functions(RBFs) interpolation is a very simple and robust method to deform the mesh.However,the number of operations and the requirement of memory storage will be increased rapidly as the number of grid nodes increases,which limits the application of RBFs to three-dimensional(3D) moving mesh.Moving submesh approach(MSA) is an efficient method,but its robustness depends on the method used to deform the background mesh.A hybrid method which combines the benefits of MSA and RBFs interpolation,which is called RBFs-MSA,has been presented.This hybrid method is proved to be robust and efficient via several numerical examples.From the aspect of the quality of deforming meshes,this hybrid method is comparable with the RBFs interpolation;from the aspect of computing efficiency,one test case shows that RBFs-MSA is about two orders of magnitude faster than RBFs interpolation.For these benefits of RBFs-MSA,the new method is suitable for unsteady flow simulation which refers to boundaries movement.     

改进的组合导航算法在MEMS组合导航系统中的应用

针对MEMS组合导航系统的应用,提出了一种改进的组合导航算法。首先采用零速修正算法对MEMS陀螺仪逐次启动重复性无规律的常值零偏进行补偿;其次,通过分析陀螺仪误差项的构成,提出了一种将卡尔曼滤波器输出的误差估计量P与零速修正的误差量相结合的改进导航算法,引入误差量分配加权思想,实现对系统误差方差阵Q中陀螺仪误差量的在线调节。利用跑车试验数据对算法进行验证,结果表明在MEMS组合导航系统中,与经典的导航算法相比,改进算法的导航精度更高、可靠性更强,是一种能有效应用于实际中的估计方法。     

航空发动机压缩系统切断加力过渡态的性能分析

根据台架试车试验的测量数据和部件的试验特性,分析了航空发动机压缩系统从全加力到小加力过渡态过程中压缩系统部件的工作点变化情况,给出了喘振裕度随时间的变化。结果表明:在该过渡态过程中,发动机参数有较大波动,风扇裕度不会减小,高压压气机的可调静子叶片角度偏开,导致裕度有所减小,涵道比有所增大。以上参数变化应该在压缩系统设计中给予考虑。     

基于分层策略的翼型多参量气动优化设计研究

与基于梯度的优化方法相比,遗传算法因其极强的鲁棒性、随机搜索及优化结果全局性等特点在工程优化中得到越来越广泛的应用。为提高优化设计的效率,改进了传统的遗传算法,采用并行分层策略基因遗传算法开展了翼型多参量气动优化设计研究,包括翼型和多段翼型的基因编码、外形参数化,以及动网格技术。结果表明,并行分层策略在得到较优气动优化结果的同时,极大地缩短了优化时间,提高了计算效率,具有广阔的工程应用前景。     

基于对偶数的航天器多特征融合相对导航算法

针对基于视觉的航天器相对导航问题,利用对偶数推导并给出了航天器相对耦合动力学方程,该方程一体化描述了追踪航天器相对于目标航天器的姿态运动和轨道运动,且考虑了由非质心点引起的相对姿态与相对轨道之间的耦合影响。在对偶代数的框架内,统一描述了目标航天器上的特征点和特征线,并基于特征点、线在像平面的投影建立了多特征融合的单目视觉测量模型。最后通过对系统状态方程以及测量方程的线性化,应用迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波(IEKF)算法对非质心点的相对运动状态进行了估计。仿真结果表明,本文的算法能够对航天器非质心点的相对运动状态进行较高精度的估计。