最小离地速度合格审定飞行试验优化方法研究

最小离地速度是制定起飞操作程序表的重要基准速度之一,而最小离地速度飞行试验又是民用飞机适航取证中的高风险科目之一.介绍了起飞速度制定过程中各起飞特征速度间的关系,分析研究了最小离地速度在起飞速度制定中的作用,提出了一种基于起飞速度制定原则的最小离地速度合格审定飞行试验的优化方法.该方法可以优化最小离地速度飞行试验安排,节省适航取证成本和时间.     

四轮起落架飞机地面滑跑转弯分析

现代飞机对其地面滑跑性能的要求日益提高,同时要求能够在条件更加苛刻的环境下运行.以四点式起落架布局飞机为研究对象,基于阿克曼转向几何原理,推导该飞机地面滑跑时两个前轮之间的转角关系.在Adams/Aircraft中建立四点式起落架飞机虚拟样机,并进行其地面滑跑仿真分析.探讨四点式起落架飞机不同前轮作为主动操纵轮时,对转弯半径的影响.结果表明:在相同滑跑条件下,当前轮操纵转弯时,四点式起落架飞机比常规的前三点式起落架飞机拥有更小的转弯半径;当主轮差动刹车转弯时,四点式起落架飞机的转弯半径略大于三点式起落架飞机;四点式起落架飞机的两前轮同时为主动操纵轮时,飞机的转弯半径最小.     

内机匣故障对燃烧室性能影响的数值与试验研究

为了研究内机匣故障对燃烧室性能的影响,在对某回流燃烧室的正常件及小弯管有裂缝故障件进行试验的基础上,通过可实现的k-ε湍流模型、颗粒随机轨道模型、火焰面模型和Kundu化学反应机理对模型燃烧室内3维2相燃烧流场进行了数值模拟,分别对小弯管不同裂缝长度(占模型弧长的10％、20％、30％、40％、50％)且最宽处为0.55 mm不变情况下的模型燃烧室的出口温度分布进行对比分析.结果表明:裂缝漏气导致叶尖温度降低,叶根温度升高,不利于涡轮转子叶片工作.     

白刚玉对微烟推进剂燃烧性能的影响

微烟推进剂不能含有铝粉,故必须加入其他燃烧稳定剂来抑制不稳定燃烧。本文提出了燃烧稳定剂选择的关键性指标——粒度及粒度分布的可控性,认为磨料微粉白刚玉(Al_2O_3)是微烟推进剂比较合适的燃烧稳定剂新品种,进而研究了白刚玉粒度、含量对推进剂燃速、压强指数和燃烧稳定性影响的规律性,探讨了燃烧前后白刚玉粒度变化的趋势,并由实测火焰结构证实,该推进剂与双基推进剂火焰结构相似,从而为该类推进剂选择催化剂提供了理论依据.     

寿命型产品定数截尾可靠性鉴定试验方案

寿命型产品定数截尾试验方案的研究较少。首先从理论上证明了寿命服从指数分布的产品,无论对定数截尾试验中的故障产品是否用新产品替换,其鉴定试验方案的设计公式完全相同。之后推导出了同时能满足检验上限、检验下限、生产方风险、使用方风险要求的定数截尾鉴定试验方案设计公式,并用GB 5080.7中的数据验证其正确性。给出了指数寿命型产品定数截尾试验中的接收概率公式,并推论出同一产品在不同试验方案的鉴定结果可能完全相反。最后,建议在鉴定试验前尽可能知晓产品的可靠性水平,从而可有目的选择或设计试验方案,以求产品高概率通过鉴定试验。     

浅谈企业内部控制制度

内部控制是衡量现代企业管理的重要标志,本文结合目前企业的管理经验,对建立企业内部控制制度的意义、作用、内容、基本原则、应注意的问题进行了论述。     

Cost Engineering – The new paradigm for space launch vehicle design

The paper describes the basic definition and application of 'Cost Engineering' which means to design a vehicle system for minimum development cost and/or for minimum operations cost. This is important now and for the future since space transportation has become primarily a commercial business in contrast to the past where it has been mainly a subject of military power and national prestige. Several examples are presented for minimum-cost space launch vehicle configurations, such as increasing vehicle size and/or the use of less efficient rocket engines in order to reduce development and operations cost. Further a cost comparison is presented on single-stage (SSTO)-vehicles vs. two-stage launchers which shows that SSTOs have lower development and operations cost although they are larger, respectively have a higher lift-off mass than two-stage vehicles with the same performance. The design of a space tourism-dedicated launch vehicle is an extreme challenge for a cost-engineered vehicle design in order to achieve cost per seat not higher than $50,000. Finally an outlook is presented on the different options for manned Earth-to-Moon transportation modes and vehicles – another most important application of 'cost engineering', taking into account the large cost of such a future venture.     

超低比转速离心泵内流场计算及分析

运用FLUENT流体计算软件及GAMBIT前处理软件,采用三维k-ε双模型方程计算了一台高速超低比转速离心泵的内部流场。计算区域为从诱导轮进口到蜗壳出口的整个流场,通过计算得到了泵内流场的流动规律,并结合传统的泵水力估算方法,估算了泵的扬程、轴功率及效率,最后对该高速超低比转速离心泵进行了水力验证试验。验证结果表明所采用的计算方法可行。     

Plasmaspheric electron content derived from GPS TEC and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC measurements: Solar minimum condition

The plasmaspheric electron content (PEC) was estimated by comparison of GPS TEC observations and FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation measurements at the extended solar minimum of cycle 23/24. Results are retrieved for different seasons (equinoxes and solstices) of the year 2009. COSMIC-derived electron density profiles were integrated up to the height of 700 km in order to retrieve estimates of ionospheric electron content (IEC). Global maps of monthly median values of COSMIC IEC were constructed by use of spherical harmonics expansion. The comparison between two independent measurements was performed by analysis of the global distribution of electron content estimates, as well as by selection specific points corresponded to mid-latitudes of Northern America, Europe, Asia and the Southern Hemisphere. The analysis found that both kinds of observations show rather similar diurnal behavior during all seasons, certainly with GPS TEC estimates larger than corresponded COSMIC IEC values. It was shown that during daytime both GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values were generally lower at winter than in summer solstice practically over all specific points. The estimates of PEC (h > 700 km) were obtained as a difference between GPS TEC and COSMIC IEC values. Results of comparative study revealed that for mid-latitudinal points PEC estimates varied weakly with the time of a day and reached the value of several TECU for the condition of solar minimum. Percentage contribution of PEC to GPS TEC indicated the clear dependence from the time with maximal values (more than 50–60%) during night-time and lesser values (25–45%) during day-time.     

多元高温合金固溶极限预测

综合考虑了溶质元素与基体元素的原子半径、电负性以及外层电子数的立方根对溶质元素固溶度的影响，推导出二元合金的固溶度定量方程，提出了多元高温合金固溶极限曲线的预测新方法，并将其应用于计算镍基和钴基三元合金相图的γ／（γ＋σ）相界和γ（γ＋μ）相界。结果表明，计算的固溶极限曲线与已知相图的固溶极限曲线较吻合，与Ｍｄ值法计算的相界比较，该方法具有较高的精度。