四轮起落架飞机地面滑跑转弯分析

现代飞机对其地面滑跑性能的要求日益提高,同时要求能够在条件更加苛刻的环境下运行.以四点式起落架布局飞机为研究对象,基于阿克曼转向几何原理,推导该飞机地面滑跑时两个前轮之间的转角关系.在Adams/Aircraft中建立四点式起落架飞机虚拟样机,并进行其地面滑跑仿真分析.探讨四点式起落架飞机不同前轮作为主动操纵轮时,对转弯半径的影响.结果表明:在相同滑跑条件下,当前轮操纵转弯时,四点式起落架飞机比常规的前三点式起落架飞机拥有更小的转弯半径;当主轮差动刹车转弯时,四点式起落架飞机的转弯半径略大于三点式起落架飞机;四点式起落架飞机的两前轮同时为主动操纵轮时,飞机的转弯半径最小.

Analysis of Aircraft with Four Wheels Ground Turning

This paper is based on an aircraft with four wheels. The relationship of angle between two nose landing gear tires is calculated based on the geometrical principle of Ackerman steering during taxiing procedure. The influence on turning radius of the four wheels aircraft is investigated when using respective nose wheels as driving wheels. Four wheels aircraft virtual prototype is built, which consists of airframe model, shock absorber model and tire dynamics model. Four wheels aircraft ground taxiing simulation has been conducted as well. Result shows that four wheels aircraft turning radius is smaller than conventional three wheels aircraft under the same taxiing circumstances when nose wheel steering is applied. Four wheels aircraft turning radius is slightly more than three wheels aircraft when main wheel is differential braking. When both nose wheels steering are applied, the four wheels aircraft has minimum turning radius.