基于最小约束系统的分布式协作定位研究

5G移动通信系统中,设备到设备的通信方式产生了节点间的信号测量,可用于提升无线定位的覆盖范围和定位精度。提出了一种基于最小约束系统的分布式协作定位方法,该方法首先利用已有算法估计节点参考位置,并据此构建最小约束确定网络的位置及朝向,然后在该约束下极大化由节点间测量引出的似然函数,获得位置估计。理论研究表明,该方法将由节点间测量确定的相对位置拟合到参考位置处,在参考位置等于真实位置时达到最优效果。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效提高定位精度,并具有分布式和可扩展等优点。     

小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。     

基于区间灰色不确定语言的工作类型优化方法

针对飞机维修任务工作类型优化过程中的模糊与灰色问题,采用区间灰色不确定语言变量建立工作类型的评价指标和决策模型,提出了军机维修任务工作类型优化方法。对优化方法进行了实例分析,工作类型排序结果和数据对比结果验证了优化方法的可行性与有效性。在某军机上对优化方法进行了工程应用,完成192项初始维修任务工作类型优化,应用结果表明了该优化方法具备良好的工程应用价值,可有效提升工作类型合理性。     

谱估计理论在弹道数据参数化建模中的应用

针对高超声速飞行器防御作战中目标运动规律的描述问题，提出一种基于经典和现代谱估计理论的弹道数据参数化分析和建模方法。该方法将弹道数据视作非平稳随机信号，研究其变化规律：首先，通过线性消势法消除信号的线性趋势，将其转变为平稳信号，以便于进行谱估计；然后，采用Welch算法给出大致的谱图，结合该谱图和改进的协方差法确定自回归参数模型的阶数，以避免模型阶数选择准则引起的不确定性问题；最终，给出弹道数据的参数化模型。仿真结果表明，使用本文算法建立的弹道数据参数化模型与动力学模型具有较高的一 致性。     

Direction finding for two-dimensional incoherently distributed sources with Hadamard shift invariance in non-uniform orthogonal arrays

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for Two-Dimensional (2D) central Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) estimation of incoherently distributed sources. In particular, an orthogonal array structure consisting of two Non-uniform Linear Arrays (NLAs) is considered. Based on first-order Taylor series approximation, the Generalized Array Manifold (GAM) model can first be established to separate the central DOAs from the original array manifold. Then, the Hadamard rotational invariance relationships inside the GAMs of two NLAs are identified. With the aid of such relationships, the central elevation and azimuth DOAs can be estimated through a search-free polynomial rooting method. Additionally, a simple parameter pairing of the estimated 2D angular parameters is also accomplished via the Hadamard rotational invariance relationship inside the GAM of the whole array. A secondary but important result is a derivation of closed-form expressions of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a remarkably higher precision at less complexity increment compared with the existing low-complexity methods, which benefits from the larger array aperture of the NLAs. Moreover, it requires no priori information about the angular distributed function.     

InfraRed Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry (IRASSI): Overview and study results

The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist yet. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron or OST will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO) and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. These demands call for interferometric concepts. We present here first results of our feasibility study IRASSI (Infrared Astronomy Satellite Swarm Interferometry) for an FIR space interferometer. Extending on the principal concept of the previous study ESPRIT, it features heterodyne interferometry within a swarm of five satellite elements. The satellites can drift in and out within a range of several hundred meters, thereby achieving spatial resolutions of <0.1 arcsec over the whole wavelength range of 1–6 THz. Precise knowledge on the baselines will be ensured by metrology methods employing laser-based optical frequency combs, for which preliminary ground-based tests have been designed by members of our study team. We first give a motivation on how the science requirements translate into operational and design parameters for IRASSI. Our consortium has put much emphasis on the navigational aspects of such a free-flying swarm of satellites operating in relatively close vicinity. We hence present work on the formation geometry, the relative dynamics of the swarm, and aspects of our investigation towards attitude estimation. Furthermore, we discuss issues regarding the real-time capability of the autonomous relative positioning system, which is an important aspect for IRASSI where, due to the large raw data rates expected, the interferometric correlation has to be done onboard, in quasi-real-time. We also address questions regarding the spacecraft architecture and how a first thermomechanical model is used to study the effect of thermal perturbations on the spacecraft. This will have implications for the necessary internal calibration of the local tie between the laser metrology and the phase centres of the science signals and will ultimately affect the accuracy of the baseline estimations.     

基于EKF的主动雷达寻的制导状态估计与最优控制研究

针对主动雷达寻的制导问题,进行了非线性系统状态估计和最优制导律的研究,并进行了目标机动情况下的仿真验证。利用主动雷达给出的带有噪声的观测信息,设计了寻的制导系统扩展卡尔曼滤波器,估计弹目相对运动状态信息。基于最优控制理论,按照需用过载和脱靶量最小设计了线性二次型最优制导律。仿真结果表明,所设计的主动雷达寻的制导系统滤波器和最优制导律能有效对付机动目标,满足飞行器控制要求。     

无人飞行器集群仅测距初始相对位姿确定方法研究CSCD

针对全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)拒止环境下无人飞行器集群成员间的相对定位问题,研究了一种基于机载惯性测量单元(IMU)、气压高度计与数据链测距组合的初始相对位姿求解算法。首先,在高度计稳定输出较为精确的高度信息的前提下,将飞行器的三维运动解耦成二维水平运动,给出了三维加速度和角速度、测距信息的水平坐标系投影等效模型。在此基础上,以待求量相对位置和航向角的非线性形式构造了新的待求状态量,并将相对位置和航向角的非线性求解问题转化成了新状态量的线性模型最小二乘求解问题。然后,通过引入递推最小二乘算法(RLS),建立了该相对位姿求解算法的实时输出递推形式,有效降低了机载在线计算的负载。接着,对所提算法进行了可观测性分析,并给出了使系统状态量不可观测的几种相对运动形式。最后,对所提算法进行了数值仿真实验,仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效、快速求解初始相对位姿,位置误差在初始相对距离的10%以内,航向角误差在初始相对角度的1%以内。     

Passive localization by a single moving observer using TOA only with unknown SRI: Observability analysis and algorithm

Passive localization by a single moving observer using Time of Arrival (TOA) only with an unknown Signal Repetition Interval (SRI) is investigated in this paper. Observability analysis is performed first. The observability condition for uniquely determining the emitter position and SRI is derived. The conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also analyzed. It is found that the ambiguity of the SRI integer of the first TOA does not affect the theoretical estimation precision of the emitter position and SRI. A Reference-Fixed Differential TOA (RFDTOA)-based Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (IMLE) is proposed, which only needs O(M) computational operations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm could attain the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

基于旋转高频信号注入法的内置式永磁同步电机低速段转子位置检测及其误差补偿

旋转高频信号注入法注入信号较为稳定,且位置估计过程不依赖电机参数,因而十分适用于内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的零、低速转子位置检测。针对传统高频信号注入法无法辨别磁极的问题,用电压方波注入法检测磁极,结合有限元软件仿真,来合理选取方波电压幅值和时长,有效缩短了磁极判断耗时。分析了滤波器和信号离散化对位置估计精度的影响,提出在低速段可用线段拟合带通滤波器中心频率处的相频特性曲线,推导所需补偿角度与电机转速的关系。在理论分析的基础上,采用基于DSP28335的样机平台进行试验,结果表明磁极判断过程稳定,耗时较短,补偿后的位置估计值相比补偿前有明显改善,调速过程中系统动态性能良好。