小卫星侦察星座性能评估研究

针对小卫星侦察星座性能评估问题，从覆盖、成本和弹性三方面对小卫星侦察星座的性能指标进行研究，分别构建了考虑存储容量约束的覆盖能力评估模型、成本估计模型以及弹性能力评估模型。在覆盖能力评估模型中，将卫星存储容量作为约束条件，结合卫星覆盖几何模型分析了卫星对地侦察的工作条件，提出考虑存储容量的覆盖指标计算方法；通过小卫星成本模型(small satellite cost model,SSCM)对星座各分系统的成本进行估计；在弹性评估模型中，提出了星座性能损失率指标，并根据星座失效状态概率函数确定了不同失效状态下星座性能损失率的权重。将上述模型应用于SkySat和吉林一号星座的性能评估过程中，结果表明SkySat比吉林一号覆盖能力强、成本低，弹性差。提出的三个模型可用于评价星座优劣，为小卫星侦察星座的建设和性能评估工作提供参考。

Research on performance evaluation of small reconnaissance satellite constellation

To evaluate small reconnaissance satellite constellation′s performance, some performance indexes were studied from three aspects: coverage, cost and flexibility. The coverage capability evaluation model, cost estimation model and flexibility capability evaluation model were built. In the coverage capability evaluation model, satellite storage capacity was taken as a constraint condition, satellite working conditions were analyzed by combining with the satellite coverage geometry model, and a calculation method of coverage indexes considering satellite storage capacity was proposed. The cost of each subsystem of constellations was estimated by the small satellite cost model(SSCM). In the flexibility evaluation model, the performance loss rate was proposed, and the weight of performance loss rate was determined according to the probability function of failure states. Applying the models to the performance evaluation of SkySat and Jinlin No.1 (JL-1) constellation, the results show that SkySat constellation has stronger coverage ability, lower cost and poorer flexibility than those in JL-1. The above models proposed in this paper can be used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of constellations and provide references for the construction and performance evaluation of small reconnaissance satellite constellation.