高垂直度和低沉积的MEMS陀螺梳齿结构释放工艺

梳齿型微机电系统（MEMS）陀螺的释放要求结构具有垂直度高、释放过程沉积聚合物少的特点,通过优化深硅刻蚀的工艺参数,包括钝化气体八氟环丁烷（C4F8）的流量、衬底温度、刻蚀气体六氟化硫（SF6）的流量和钝化气体C4F8的压力,实现了结构垂直度为90.0°、支撑层表面沉积物厚度为87.1nm的梳齿结构释放工艺。深硅刻蚀工艺的优化为高性能MEMS陀螺的加工提供了基础。     

Analysis of the data processing strategies of spherical harmonic expansion model on global ionosphere mapping for moderate solar activity

Spherical harmonic (SH) expansion is widely used to model the global ionosphere map (GIM) of vertical total electron content (VTEC). According to the impact of different data processing methods of the SH expansion model on the VTEC maps, we specifically performed comprehensive analysis in terms of the data sampling rate, the time resolution, the spherical harmonic degree, and the relative constraint. One month of GPS data (January in 2016) from the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Service (IGS) network in a moderate ionospheric activity period at the descending phase of Solar Cycle 24 was processed. To improve the computational efficiency of the daily GIM generation, the data sampling rate of 5?min was recommended allowing the GIM precision loss within 0.10 TECU (total electron content unit). The global VTEC map could be better represented in temporal and spatial domains with higher time resolution and higher spherical harmonic degree, especially at low latitude bands and in the southern hemisphere. The GIM precision improvement was about 10.91% for 1-h and about 15.15% for 0.5-h compared with the commonly used 2-h time resolution. The use of spherical harmonic degree 17 or 20 instead of 15 could improve the precision by 3.19% or 6.06%. We also found that an optimal relative constraint had to be found experimentally considering both the GIM precision and the GIM root mean square (RMS) map.     

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析的高效算法

失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度分析对指导可靠性优化至关重要，本文从乘法降维及Edgeworth级数展开的角度提出一种失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标分析的高效算法。所提算法通过Edgeworth级数展开将失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度指标的求解转化为输出无条件及条件前四阶整数矩的求解。对于输出的无条件及条件四阶矩的计算，基于乘法降维的思想，本文推导了重复利用计算输出的无条件矩的输入输出样本来计算条件矩以及外层关于输入变量一维积分的计算公式，使得仅需重复利用输出无条件前四阶矩求解产生的积分网格内的数据即可同时求得输出的前四阶条件矩以及外层关于输入变量的一维积分。所提算法大大提高了失效概率矩独立全局灵敏度的分析效率。航空发动机涡轮盘以及汽车前轴的分析结果验证了所提算法的高效性及准确性。     

基于成核理论的水温对结冰黏附强度影响研究

飞机结冰会影响飞行安全,甚至导致严重的飞行事故。研究积冰与基底的黏附强度,可以为飞机防除冰系统的设计提供具体的指标要求。设计剪切黏附力测量实验平台,利用该实验平台测量基板在不同冻结用水初始温度下的结冰黏附力;采集水/冰在冻结过程中的温度变化,并通过成核理论分析实验现象,着重研究冻结用水的初始温度对黏附强度的影响。结果表明：冻结水温初始温度的增加会促进冰晶成核,进而提高黏附强度。     

GPS 定位解的可信度研究

基于模糊数学理论的研究方法,给出了GPS定位解的可信度的定义。然后给出了可信度的解析表达式,并利用可信度的解析表达式对可信度的性质进行了研究。最后探讨了可信度可能的应用。     

基于抓持稳定度的多指灵巧手抓持控制

提出了一种控制多指灵巧手稳定抓持物体的新方法。首先给出了接触稳定度和抓持稳定度的定义及其相应的计算方法,然后探讨了基于抓持稳定度的多指灵巧手抓持控制方法。最后以北京航空航天大学的BH-2新型三指灵巧手为背景,对所提出的方法进行了仿真验证,仿真结果证明所提方法是有效可行的。     

基于复杂截线的NURBS双向蒙皮造型方法

通过对NURBS造型方法技术的研究,在我校自主开发的SuperManCAD/CAM集成系统中成功地实现了基于复杂曲线的NURBS双向蒙皮曲面的造型功能,建立了完全基于NURBS方法的CAD/CAM系统。大量的工程应用和实例验证,表明本研究的NURBS方法是一种适用于复杂外形产品设计与制造的、灵活有效的造型方法。     

用粘性涡方法计算伞状物绕流

文章用粘性涡方法计算了二维伞状物绕流问题。首先阐述了涡方法的基本理论 ,包括涡元的对流、粘性扩散、物面涡元的脱落、物体所受气动力计算等 ,然后介绍了使用涡方法的一般步骤。最后将完全充满的伞衣简化为二维圆弧壳 ,计算了伞衣内外压力分布、阻力系数及升力系数     

70kN载荷应变天平校准系统研制进展

研制了70kN量级的应变天平校准系统,以满足2m量级高速风洞测力试验天平的静态校准需求。70kN载荷应变天平校准系统基于传统的单元校准方法,采用四自由度复位式体轴系自动校准方案,加载力源为标准砝码,采用砝码独立控制技术的自动加载装置实现天平校准载荷的自动加载。砝码产生的重力通过双十字铰链施力定位装置和刚性加载头准确地传递到天平上,无间隙复位传动机构可以保证天平的精确复位。建成后的校准系统可满足20～70kN量程范围的杆式天平和环式天平等不同类型天平的校准需求。