面向对象开发方法的单元测试研究

简要介绍了面向对象开发方法的单元测试面临的特殊性问题并进行分析，探讨了面向对象单元测试采取的策略和测试用例的设计方法，最后对面向对象单元测试的充分性问题进行了讨论。     

准分子激光矫正屈光不正的原理及其实现

研究了准分子激光治疗屈光不正的原理及其实现方法，介绍了准分子激光治疗屈光不正的原理及其种类。在初始角膜模型假设的基础上，提出了能够用于近视、远视和散光等屈光手术的数学模型，计算出切削量和切削的层数，并给出了相应的算法框图。就准分子激光角膜切削机理和“飞点扫描”等关键技术进行了研究。研究成果直接用于准分子激光眼科治疗机，并给出了准分子激光眼科治疗机的原理框图。实验和临床数据表明。取得了满意的手术效果。     

壁面摩擦对风洞侧壁干扰的影响

本文研究了摩擦对风洞侧壁干扰的影响。在以Barnwell为代表开展的一系列侧壁干扰研究中,所有工作都未计及摩擦的影响。我们认为,Barnwell等人的这一处理理论上有缺陷。对此,本文用Karman-Pohlhausen方法对侧壁边界层作了分析,指出摩擦对侧壁干扰有不同程度的影响,具体取决于Pohlhausen参数B的大小;B越小,影响越大。Barnwell略去摩擦项的结果只对应于分离边界层情况,而事实上Barnwell处理的是附着边界层。通过这一分析,本文建立了有摩擦影响的侧壁干扰修正的新形式;考虑到多种因素的影响,初步建议参数B按中间值取为B=3～4。最后,就修正参数δ~*的确定作了一定讨论。     

考虑多因素的可修系统任务可靠性分配方法

在实际工程中,系统常常是由串联、并联、旁联和表决等模型混合而成的复杂可修系统,目前此类系统的可靠性分配方法多采用等分分配等方法,得到的分配结果往往误差较大。本文提出了一种考虑维修、故障逻辑等多因素影响的可修系统任务可靠性分配方法。该方法以系统故障率为待分配指标,首先对包含维修影响的故障率进行转换,然后利用考虑故障逻辑的评分分配法进行分配,最后通过备件系数进行修正,获得分配结果。新方法能够为在实际工程中可修系统的任务可靠性分配提供一种简便易行的方法。      

Heading control strategy assessment for coaxial compound helicopters

The coaxial compound helicopter has two possible strategies for heading control: collective differential and rudder deflection. A flight dynamics model is developed to assess the effect of different heading control strategies. This includes the trim characteristics, steady flight performance,controllability, and manoeuvrability. The trim study demonstrates that heading control strategies are less influential on trim results, and the steady flight performance is also not significantly affected by the heading control strategy adopted. The controllability analysis shows although heading bandwidth and phase delay results at various speeds with different heading control strategies are all satisfied, the control derivative of the collective differential decreases as speed increases, and its heading aggressive agility is degraded into Level 3 in high-speed flight. In addition, using collective differential would lead to severe heading-rolling coupling as forward speed increases. On the contrary, the control derivative and aggressive agility of the rudder deflection is improved with forward speed, and there is no evidence of heading-rolling coupling. Finally, the transient turn MissionTask-Element(MTE) is utilized to investigate the heading manoeuvre characteristics in different heading control strategies, which indicates that the collective differential would add the amplitude of control input and the power consumption during this MTE.     

Using TensorFlow-based Neural Network to estimate GNSS single frequency ionospheric delay (IONONet)

In the last 20?years, and in particular in the last decade, the availability of propagation data for GNSS has increased substantially. In this sense, the ionosphere has been sounded with a large number of receivers that provide an enormous amount of ionospheric data. Moreover, the maturity of the models has also been increased in the same period of time. As an example, IGS has ionospheric maps from GNSS data back to 1998, which would allow for the correlation of these data with other quantities relevant for the user and space weather (such as Solar Flux and Kp). These large datasets would account for almost half a billion points to be analyzed. With the advent and explosion of Big Data algorithms to analyze large databases and find correlations with different kinds of data, and the availability of open source code libraries (for example, the TensorFlow libraries from Google that are used in this paper), the possibility of merging these two worlds has been widely opened. In this paper, a proof of concept for a single frequency correction algorithm based in GNSS GIM vTEC and Fully Connected Neural Networks is provided. Different Neural Network architectures have been tested, including shallow (one hidden layer) and deep (up to five hidden layers) Neural Network models. The error in training data of such models ranges from 50% to 1% depending on the architecture used. Moreover, it is shown that by adjusting a Neural Network with data from 2005 to 2009 but tested with data from 2016 to 2017, Neural Network models could be suitable for the forecast of vTEC for single frequency users. The results indicate that this kind of model can be used in combination with the Galileo Signal-in-Space (SiS) NeQuick G parameters. This combination provides a broadcast model with equivalent performances to NeQuick G and better than GPS ICA for the years 2016 and 2017, showing a 3D position Root Mean Squared (RMS) error of approximately 2?m.     

应用后缘装置的跨声速层流翼型多岛优化设计

高雷诺数状态下,自然层流技术(Natural laminar flow,NLF)是减小机翼表面湍流摩擦阻力的有效方法。然而由于层流翼面上大范围顺压梯度的存在使得后缘处的恢复压差更大,产生更强的激波。因此在减小摩擦阻力的同时又增加了激波阻力。本文采用后缘装置(Trailing edge device,TED)来控制翼型后缘处的激波强度,基于线性稳定性理论(Linear stability theory,LST)的eN方法对流动进行转捩判断,进而应用多岛并行多目标进化算法(multi-objective evolutionary algorithm,MOEA)以获得大范围层流区域和弱化激波强度为目标对翼型进行优化设计。优化结果表明合作均衡策略耦合进化算法可以快速地捕捉到该多目标问题的Pareto阵面解,阵面上翼型的波阻力和摩擦阻力性能较初始翼型大大改善。同时,采用后缘装置控制激波强度时,无论在设计点还是偏离设计点时,优化后翼型均具有良好的升阻力特性和鲁棒性。     

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题，提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先，利用伪状态理论，通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值，并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后，在求解精确解时，提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值，降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度，而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明，该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

四旋翼倾转飞行器操纵冗余设计

建立了四旋翼倾转飞行器旋翼、机翼、机身的非线性气动模型和飞行动力学模型,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模型,根据仿真模型计算各个操纵面的操纵效率,确定了不同状态下各个通道需要用到的操纵方式,结合飞行动力学模型和操纵方式,在纵向通道上进行了全包线的配平计算,表明了操纵策略的可行性。     

直线模拟加载系统的研究进展与发展趋势

直线模拟加载系统是一种用于在实验室条件下模拟承载对象工作时所受直线负载力的半实物仿真系统，可用于模拟各类飞行器关键部件在工作过程中所受的气体阻力载荷。针对目前常用的机械式、电液式和电动式直线模拟加载系统，分析其基本加载原理和研究进展，结合自行研制的电动式直线模拟加载系统进行了深入探讨。针对多余力抑制方法的关键问题，详细论述了直线负载模拟器的结构补偿方法和控制策略。最后，展望了直线模拟加载系统的发展趋势，归纳了电动式直线模拟加载系统的高精度、大载荷发展方向。