固定几何气动矢量喷管气动性能数值仿真

为掌握固定几何气动矢量喷管气动性能,通过CFD数值模拟的方法,研究了主流落压比、扩张段二次流落压比、扩张段二次流角度和引射对固定几何气动矢量喷管轴向推力系数的影响;主流落压比、扩张段二次流落压比和扩张段二次流角度对矢量角的影响;主流落压比、喉道二次流落压比和喉道二次流角度对喉道控制率的影响。结果表明:随主流落压比增大轴向推力系数增大,矢量角减小,喉道控制率减小;随扩张段二次流落压比增大推力系数减小,矢量角增大;随喉道二次流落压比增大,喉道控制率增大;随扩张段二次流角增大轴向推力系数减小,矢量角略有减小;随喉道二次流角增大喉道控制率增大;随引射方式增加喷管推力系数增大。     

直升机桨叶连续后缘襟翼设计与气动影响分析

在直升机旋翼减振应用中,连续后缘襟翼和常规分离式襟翼相比具有重量轻、结构紧凑、气流平稳等优点。选用压电纤维复合材料作为驱动材料,基于NACA23012翼型设计带有连续变形后缘襟翼的桨叶段,对襟翼及其驱动结构进行选材设计分析;采用流固耦合方法分析连续后缘襟翼对剖面翼型气动特性的影响。结果表明:连续后缘襟翼在直升机桨叶工作迎角、马赫数范围内可实现有效偏转,显著改变翼剖面气动升力和力矩,证明了连续后缘襟翼在旋翼减振控制中的潜在应用价值。     

融合式翼梢小翼减阻效应研究

有效减小诱导阻力对于飞机降低油耗、提高航程具有重要意义。针对某飞机翼身组合体构型,采用CFD数值模拟方法分析融合式翼梢小翼对飞机气动力特性的影响,尤其是其减阻效应;并给出翼梢小翼附近的空间流场。结果表明:带翼梢小翼后翼尖涡强度减弱,飞机阻力系数明显下降;固定升力系数0.5时,弯矩增加3.2%,阻力系数减小4.2%。     

航空齿轮减速器稳健优化设计研究

航空齿轮减速器通常对重量、强度、效率以及可靠性有极高的要求,考虑到其所处工况的随机性、工艺水平的差异性以及材料强度等力学性能参数的波动性,传统的确定性参数优化设计已不能满足工程实际的需求。在传统的确定性优化设计模型的基础上,基于6σ稳健设计基本理论建立齿轮传动系统的多目标稳健设计优化模型,并采用NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法进行求解;以某航空齿轮减速器中单级斜齿圆柱齿轮系统为研究对象进行实例分析。结果表明:本文提出的基于6σ稳健设计理论的齿轮传动系统优化模型充分考虑了不确定性因素对优化的影响,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

嵌入式大气数据传感系统研究进展

大气数据的精确测量对飞行器的导航与控制至关重要。相较于传统的探针式大气数据测量系统,嵌入式大气数据传感系统更适用于隐身性能要求、大迎角飞行要求的飞行器或高超声速飞行器。回顾了嵌入式大气数据传感系统的发展历程,介绍了该系统完整的组成部分及其工作原理,并指出该系统在应用时的四项关键技术(测压孔布局、气动模型及求解算法、校正算法、故障检测及管理技术),结合国外多种飞行器上该系统不同的应用方案,分别对比分析四项关键技术不同应用方式的优缺点;指出了该系统的四项关键技术均会影响系统精度及可靠性,实际应用中需综合考虑选择其应用方式;最后展望了该系统在未来航空航天领域的应用。     

复合材料螺旋桨结构多目标优化设计

在螺旋桨桨叶结构设计的工程实践中,减轻重量和增加扭转刚度是两个主要目标,而复合材料的应用增加了螺旋桨结构的可设计性。以某复合材料螺旋桨为例,基于有限元方法,以桨叶的复合材料铺层数量与铺层角度为优化设计变量,以螺旋桨桨叶强度、弯曲刚度为约束条件,采用快速非支配遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对该复合材料螺旋桨进行多目标优化设计。得到了关于两个目标函数的帕累托解集,即综合考虑桨叶质量与扭转刚度两个指标的最优设计参数集。本文为复合材料螺旋桨的结构设计提供了一种有效的思路。     

基于惯性定位定向的高铁轨检仪研究

根据高铁轨道静态检测的测量需求,设计了一种利用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪,详细阐述了其构成和工作原理,介绍了其特点。通过对比性分析论证,优选了一种测量精度高、操作方法简单且可大幅度提高测量效率的设计方案。理论仿真表明,本系统测量精度能够达到优于13mm/km水平。根据理论仿真结果搭建了原理简易验证设备,结合高铁测控网的测量基准,在一段高铁的弯道铁轨上进行了验证测试。从测试结果看,样机测量精度的重复性可以到达1mm/500m（1σ）的水平,10次测量效率优于500m/2h,表明采用定位定向技术的0级轨检仪具备实际工程化的潜力,以及提高测量效率和精度的能力。     

光纤陀螺多通道并行自动测试工艺技术

针对光纤陀螺测试过程中,测试项目多、步骤复杂、测试时间长、人为记录数据容易出错等问题,在分析测试内容的基础上提出多通道并行测试方案,设计测试工装、电缆、电路等硬件系统,开发相应的测试软件。与单只光纤陀螺测试方法相比,能够有效地减少光纤陀螺的测试时间,提高测试效率。     

Design and optimization of a novel electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system for heavy fuel aircraft piston engine

The heavy fuel compression ignition engines are widely equipped as aircraft piston engines. The fuel injection system is one of the key technologies that determines the performance of engine. One of the main challenges is to precisely control the injected fuel quantity and flow rate in the presence of pressure fluctuation. This challenge is even more serious for heavy fuel. An original design for electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system called Multi-Pumppressure-reservoirs fuel injection System(MPS) was demonstrated to reduce the pressure fluctuation and help keep injection stable. MPS was compared with an ordinary high pressure Common Rail fuel injection System(CRS). This work established one-dimensional AMESim and mathematical models for both CRS and MPS to study the effect of different structures and geometric parameters on the pressure fluctuations. The calculations show that the average fuel pressure fluctuation of MPS can be reduced by 57% for the crankshaft speed of 1900 r/min, and the pressure fluctuation before injection reduced by 100%. It is concluded that the pressure performance of MPS is less sensitive to pressure reservoir volume than that of CRS, and there is an opportunity for further volume reduction.     

Design and application of an Electric Tail Rotor Drive Control (ETRDC) for helicopters with performance tests

With the development of electric helicopters’ motor technology and the widespread use of electric drive rotors, more aircraft use electric rotors to provide thrust and directional control. For a helicopter tail rotor, the wake of the main rotor influences the tail rotor’s inflow and wake. In the procedure of controlling, crosswind will also cause changes to the tail disk load. This paper describes requirements and design principles of an electric motor drive and variable pitch tail rotor system. A particular spoke-type architecture of the motor is designed, and the performance of blades is analyzed by the CFD method. The demand for simplicity of moving parts and strict constraints on the weight of a helicopter makes the design of electrical and mechanical components challenging. Different solutions have been investigated to propose an effective alternative to the mechanical actuation system. A test platform is constructed which can collect the dynamic response of the thrust control. The enhancement of the response speed due to an individual motor speed control and variable-pitch system is validated.