多目标进化算法和代理模型技术在气动稳健优化设计中的应用

通过与传统优化方法的优缺点对比,提出针对飞行器环境参数存在不确定性影响时的气动稳健优化设计模型,并应用多目标进化算法和代理模型技术对稳健模型进行优化设计研究。提供了翼型稳健性优化实例,通过选择合适的翼型参数化方法和CFD求解程序以及不确定性分析方法,得到了稳健设计结果的Pareto前缘图。从其中选择的设计结果可以看出,稳健设计结果表现出更稳定的特性,证明了稳健设计的优势所在。     

考虑多工况性能可靠性的航空发动机循环设计方法

为实现航空发动机总体性能设计方法由传统的确定性设计向不确定性概率设计转变，提出基于分布式协同响应面法思想的航空发动机多工况性能可靠性循环优化设计方法:建立了引入非确定性部件性能的航空发动机性能仿真模型，通过试验设计、非设计点性能仿真试验等步骤，构建了各典型工况下发动机推力与耗油率性能可靠度关于设计点循环参数的分布式响应面模型，并以此构建多工况性能协同响应面模型进行循环参数优化设计，最终获得循环参数非劣解集并通过随机试验进行验证。结果表明，通过多工况性能可靠性循环优化设计方法获得的循环参数非劣解集均能使发动机在多个典型工况下的总体性能同时达到不低于97.5%的高可靠度，为设计人员根据实际情况选取循环参数提供依据。      

气动设计问题中确定性优化与稳健优化的对比研究

通过对优化问题的表述,说明传统确定性优化与稳健优化的区别。稳健优化需进行不确定性分析,同时追求系统的性能优化、性能偏差最小化、设计可行性稳健化。然后分别探讨了气动设计中确定性优化和稳健优化模型的建立及求解策略。根据不确定性分析方法的特点,选择基于代理模型的不确定性气动遗传优化分析方法。通过具体翼型优化实例讨论了稳健性优化与确定性优化的不同,并将结果进行对比,得出一定的结论。     

基于MATLAB的齿轮减速器优化设计

优化设计是将最优化理论和计算技术应用于设计领域,为工程设计提供了一种重要的设计方法.MATLAB优化工具箱具有编程工作量少、语法符合工程设计要求的特点,本文利用优化工具箱以行星齿轮和中心轮的质量最小为目标函数对行星齿轮减速器进行快速优化设计,并给出了行星齿轮优化设计的具体实例,与原设计方案相比,取得了良好的优化效果.     

基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展

基于高可信度计算流体力学的数值优化设计方法，在提高飞行器气动与综合性能方面正发挥着越来越重要的作用。基于代理模型的优化算法（SBO），由于能够实现高效全局优化，逐渐成为了气动优化设计领域的研究热点之一。近20年来，代理优化算法研究已取得了长足进步，多种先进的新型代理模型被提出，优化理论和算法也不断完善和发展。以飞行器精细化气动优化设计为背景，综述了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计方法研究进展。首先，介绍了基于变可信度代理模型的气动优化设计方法、结合代理模型和伴随方法的气动优化设计方法以及基于非生物进化的并行气动优化设计方法的研究现状和最新进展。然后，针对飞行器气动优化设计学科领域的前沿问题，介绍了基于代理模型的多目标气动优化设计方法、混合反设计/优化设计方法、稳健气动优化设计方法的研究进展，以及基于代理模型的多学科优化设计方法的研究进展。文献综述表明，代理优化算法在设计效率、全局性以及鲁棒性等方面性能优良，已经发展到可以解决100维（100个设计变量）以内的气动优化设计问题，具有良好的工程应用前景。最后，探讨了基于代理模型的高效全局气动优化设计在理论、方法及飞行器设计应用方面所面临的问题和挑战，给出了未来研究方向的建议。     

薄壁机匣螺栓连接结构多目标优化设计

为增大薄壁机匣安装边螺栓连接结构强度、减小其振动和重量,以满足现代航空发动机更高性能的要求,对机匣结构参数进行了优化设计。选取安装边高度、安装边厚度、机匣厚度和螺栓个数为参数变量,结构质量、一阶固有频率和最大等效应力为目标函数,根据Box-Behnken方法设计的样本点和有限元计算结果建立二阶响应面模型,基于层次分析获取权系数,并利用遗传算法对机匣结构进行多目标优化设计。最后,针对优化后的结构进行模态试验和有限元验证。研究表明,模态试验结果与有限元计算误差小于6%,同时优化显著提高了一阶固有频率,使其结构质量和最大等效应力分别降低5.28%和13.64%,验证了本文提出的优化方法的有效性和可行性。     

高速自然层流翼型高效气动稳健优化设计方法

先进高速高升力自然层流(NLF)翼型的设计已经成为提高新一代高空长航时(HALE)无人机(UAV)性能的重要手段。然而这类翼型表面极易出现分离泡和激波等，尤其对于马赫数、飞行攻角等状态波动气动特性非常敏感，这导致传统的层流翼型设计方法设计的外形在面向工程应用中出现稳健性差，难以被工程使用。气动稳健设计(RADO)方法虽然是一种有希望的解决途径，但它遭遇了巨大计算花费的难题。为了解决这些问题，通过对影响气动稳健优化设计效率的关键技术进行研究，发展了基于自适应前向-后向选择(AFBS)的稀疏多项式混沌重构方法，极大改善了不确定分析(UQ)和稳健优化效率。同时，也发展了考虑多参数不确定的高效气动稳健优化设计方法，有效解决了传统翼型设计方法难以满足高速高升力自然层流翼型设计要求兼顾高升力设计、自然层流设计以及超临界设计的难题。最后使用发展的方法成功设计了一类具有典型特点的跨空域稳健自然层流翼型。结果表明设计的翼型相对于经典的全球鹰无人机翼型气动性能全面提升，同时低阻范围更大，气动性能更加稳健，从而验证了稳健优化方法的有效性和相对于确定性设计的优势。     

基于非结构网格离散伴随方法的机翼多点多约束无粘优化设计

采用基于目标函数的非结构网格离散伴随方法进行机翼多约束单点和多点组合无粘减阻优化设计。通过基于目标函数的离散伴随模型计算目标函数梯度,考虑多种典型几何和气动约束,采用拉格朗日方法求解多约束优化问题,利用径向基函数进行几何模型参数化。对M6机翼单点和多点组合优化展示了本文优化设计系统的有效性,能够较好地满足工程实际需求。     

基于遗传算法的航空发动机多目标优化PID控制

提出采用多目标遗传算法,对航空发动机PID控制器参数进行优化设计.使用先进多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对航空发动机PID控制器进行参数整定.针对某型航空发动机在飞行包线内的飞行状态进行控制器参数的优化选取,仿真结果表明,与传统手动试凑调节PID控制器参数进行比较,转速阶跃响应过程的性能指标得到了很好的优化,获得了令人满意的优化效果.      

中国航空学会召开航空齿轮、减速器学术交流会

中国航空学会于一九八一年六月十二日至十七日在长沙召开航空齿轮、减速器学术交流会。这是我国航空齿轮、减速器方面第一次全国性专业会议。会议共收到设计、工艺、试验及测量等方面学术论文65篇,在会上宣读了45篇。会议还邀请有关专家到会作了国内外航空齿轮及减速器发展现状的专题学术报告。 会议收到的论文突出反映有以下特点:首先,由于航空齿轮高速、重载的特点,所以近年来广泛应用有限元法进行应力分析从而提高齿轮强度设计水平。其次,在航空齿轮的齿高、齿形等修形设计和工艺方面的研究取得一些新进展,在减小齿轮传动噪音及振动方     

某直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比的区间多目标优化

针对某型直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比的优化问题，建立含有密度和啮合摩擦因数等不确定性参数的区间多目标优化函数及相应的约束函数，利用改进的区间多目标分层优化方法，得到多目标优化函数的最优结果区间和参数变量，对优化前后主减速器行星轮系的传动性能进行深入比较。根据优化结果设计直升机主减速器行星轮系的传动效率试验方案，试验结果表明:区间多目标优化后主减速器行星轮系质量减少6.2%，传动效率提高2.14%，且效率曲线变化随着载荷的波动更加趋于稳定，说明区间多目标优化方法应用于某型直升机主减速器行星轮系功质比优化方面的有效性。      

Robust optimization of control command for aerospace vehicles with aerodynamic uncertainty

To reduce the design burden of Aerospace Vehicles (ASVs) control systems, this paper proposes a multi-constrained robust trajectory optimization method, which provides a good front-end input for the control system. Differ from the conventional aircraft, some control performance of ASVs is not only related to the model parameters, but also affected by the flight status. Therefore, the robust optimization method combines this characteristic of ASVs, sets the control performance as one of the optimization objectives, and considers the influence of parameter uncertainty. In this method, the polynomial chaos expansion algorithm is used to transform the trajectory optimization problem with uncertain parameters into the equivalent deterministic robust trajectory optimization problem. Finally, compared with traditional deterministic trajectory optimization methods to illustrate the effectiveness of proposed control optimization method.     

Robust design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle with inverse-design idea

This paper examines robust optimization design and analysis of a conformal expansion nozzle of flying wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) with the inverse-design idea.In view of flow features and stealth constraints, the inverse-design idea is described and the uncertainty-based robust design model is presented.A robust design system employs this model to combine deterministic optimization and robust optimization and is applied into design of a conformal expansion nozzle.The results indicate that design optimization can conform to the anticipation of the inversedesign idea and significantly improve the aerodynamic performance that meet the requirement of 6σ.The present method is a feasible nozzle design strategy that integrates robust optimization and inverse-design.     

Towards intelligent design optimization: Progress and challenge of design optimization theories and technologies for plastic forming

Plastic forming is one of enabling and fundamental technologies in advanced manufacturing chains. Design optimization is a critical way to improve the performance of the forming system, exploit the advantages of high productivity, high product quality, low production cost and short time to market and develop precise, accurate, green, and intelligent (smart) plastic forming technology. However, plastic forming is quite complicated, relating to multi-physics field coupling, multi-factor influence, multi-defect constraint, and triple nonlinear, etc., and the design optimization for plastic forming involves multi-objective, multi-parameter, multi-constraint, nonlinear, high-dimensionality, non-continuity, time-varying, and uncertainty, etc. Therefore, how to achieve accurate and efficient design optimization of products, equipment, tools/dies, and processing as well as materials characterization has always been the research frontier and focus in the field of engineering and manufacturing. In recent years, with the rapid development of computing science, data science and internet of things (IoT), the theories and technologies of design optimization have attracted more and more attention, and developed rapidly in forming process. Accordingly, this paper first introduced the framework of design optimization for plastic forming. Then, focusing on the key problems of design optimization, such as numerical model and optimization algorithm, this paper summarized the research progress on the development and application of the theories and technologies about design optimization in forming process, including deterministic and uncertain optimization. Moreover, the applicability of various modeling methods and optimization algorithms was elaborated in solving the design optimization problems of plastic forming. Finally, considering the development trends of forming technology, this paper discusses some challenges of design optimization that may need to be solved and faced in forming process.     

多控制面飞行器结构与配平鲁棒气动弹性优化方法

基于遗传算法,提出了一种考虑多控制面飞行器结构参数和配平关系中的不确定性的鲁棒气动弹性优化方法,并在一个带有主动气动弹性机翼(AAW)的复杂小展弦比飞机的结构和控制面传动比的鲁棒设计中得到了应用.以非概率形式来衡量设计变量的不确定性变化,采用单目标函数形式,并引入一个反映目标函数相对变化的额外约束来描述鲁棒优化问题.在...     

Aerodynamic optimization of rotor airfoil based on multi-layer hierarchical constraint method

Rotor airfoil design is investigated in this paper. There are many difficulties for this high-dimensional multi-objective problem when traditional multi-objective optimization methods are used. Therefore, a multi-layer hierarchical constraint method is proposed by coupling principal component analysis (PCA) dimensionality reduction and e-constraint method to translate the orig-inal high-dimensional problem into a bi-objective problem. This paper selects the main design objectives by conducting PCA to the preliminary solution of original problem with consideration of the priority of design objectives. According to the e-constraint method, the design model is estab-lished by treating the two top-ranking design goals as objective and others as variable constraints. A series of bi-objective Pareto curves will be obtained by changing the variable constraints, and the favorable solution can be obtained by analyzing Pareto curve spectrum. This method is applied to the rotor airfoil design and makes great improvement in aerodynamic performance. It is shown that the method is convenient and efficient, beyond which, it facilitates decision-making of the high-dimensional multi-objective engineering problem.     

基于流形结构重建的多目标气动优化算法

在多目标优化中，Pareto解集是一个分段连续的k维流形，这一规律被传统进化算法所忽略。本文提出了一种基于流形结构重建的多目标优化算法，首先利用流形结构重建方法完成解集分布从目标空间到设计空间的映射，建立解集的概率分布，并在目标空间中扩展流形结构，从而借助解集在目标空间的推进来指导优化算法的快速演化。数值算例表明本文算法对于具有不同特征的Pareto前沿具有很好的适应性，能够极大提高算法的收敛效率。多目标气动优化算例验证，本文算法相比于常规多目标进化算法能够减少约80%的计算量，极大程度缩短了气动设计的周期。     

Whole-process design and experimental validation of landing gear lower drag stay with global/local linked driven optimization strategy

Landing gear lower drag stay is a key component which connects fuselage and landing gear and directly effects the safety and performance of aircraft takeoff and landing. To effectively design the lower drag stay and reduce the weight of landing gear, Global/local Linked Driven Optimization Strategy (GLDOS) was developed to conduct the overall process design of lower drag stay in respect of optimization thought. The whole-process optimization involves two stages of structural conceptual design and detailed design. In the structural conceptual design, the landing gear lower drag stay was globally topologically optimized by adopting multiple starting points algorithm. In the detailed design, the local size and shape of landing gear lower drag stay were globally optimized by the gradient optimization strategy. The GLDOS method adopts different optimization strategies for different optimization stages to acquire the optimum design effect. Through the experimental validation, the weight of the optimized lower dray stay with the developed GLDOS is reduced by 16.79% while keeping enough strength and stiffness, which satisfies the requirements of engineering design under the typical loading conditions. The proposed GLDOS is validated to be accurate and efficient in optimization scheme and design cycles. The efforts of this paper provide a whole-process optimization approach regarding different optimization technologies in different design phases, which is significant in reducing structural weight and enhance design precision for complex structures in aircrafts.