小型气氢气氧火箭发动机试验系统设计研究

根据小型气氢气氧火箭发动机试验工况的要求设计完成1 000 N级的气氢气氧火箭发动机试验系统.介绍了供气系统的设计过程,详细讨论了气氢气氧流量与管径的选取过程,完成了比对式推力测量装置和计算机测量与控制系统的设计,并进行系统标定及冷流验证试验.该试验系统能在不同工况下开展小型火箭发动机冷热试验研究,同时实现远程计算机监控,具有较高精度.      

PIV,LDV在螺旋桨尾流测试中的比对应用

为验证粒子图像测速仪（PIV）技术在螺旋桨尾流场测试应用中的精度,在空泡水筒中,针对同一螺旋桨,在同一工况,同一时段,对螺旋桨尾流场开展了PIV和激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）比对测试研究.试验结果表明:两种测试技术在流场宏观量显示上得到了比较一致的结果,PIV技术同样可以捕捉到沿周向仅有8°的速度突跳,只是突跳值较LDV测试值小.PIV数据均值与LDV有2%～3%的偏差,进一步分析表明:提高PIV测试系统的定位精度可以缩小这种偏差.      

猪圆环病毒2型广东株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank已发表的猪圆环病毒2 型(PCV2) 全基因组序列,设计2 对特异性引物,对广东省不同地区规模化猪场采集的疑似断奶仔猪多系统消耗综合征(PMWS) 组织病料进行了PCV2 全基因组克隆和序列分析.结果表明,PCV2 核苷酸序列较稳定,不同地区6个PCV2 毒株全基因组序列均由1 767 bp 组成,彼此间核苷酸序列相似性达95.3%～99.8%,亲缘关系密切;与GenBank 已发表的国内不同地区PCV2 参考毒株的相似性介于70.1%～99.1%;与欧洲各地区毒株的相似性介于67.7%～98.8%;其中与美国的毒株(AY094619)差异性最大,介于69.4%～70.8%之间.     

Investigation on Mechanism of Altitude Characteristic for Air-breathing Pulsed Laser Thruster

Altitude characteristic is of great importance for studying when an air-breathing pulsed laser thruster works in the dense atmosphere condition of 0-30 km altitude. The experimental findings all over the world show that the similar relationship between impulse coupling coefficient and altitude. According to strong explosion theory and an ideal gas model, a dimensionless factor indicating energy law of similitude is introduced, and formula of impulse coupling coefficient is deducted. Then theoretical study of altitude characteristic is carried out and mechanism of altitude characteristic is further explained. The results indicate that there is a maximum value of impulse coupling coefficient if the dimensionless factor equals to 0. 41 in theory, and whether the phenomena of maximum appear or not depends on the range of the dimensionless factor related to altitude. As to a conical nozzle with the fixed length of 120 mm, the relationship between the sonic velocity and the dimensionless factor causes the maximum phenomenon at the altitude of about 12. 5 km, and maximum theoretical impulse coupling coefficient is also found in the experimental investigations. The mechanism of altitude characteristic for air-breathing pulsed laser thruster is discovered in this article, which will provide reference for further research on altitude characteristic.     

Constructing G~2 Continuous Curve on Freeform Surface with Normal Projection

This article presents a new method for G～2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surface with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector,respectively,at every point.First,a G～2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space.Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface.The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve,which can be obtained by numerically solving the initialvalue problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit case.Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve,which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand.The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface.Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control (NC) machining,path planning for robotic fibre placement,patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields.     

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Laser Drilling with Jet Electrochemical Machining

As two kinds of defects, recast layers and spatters, commonly accompanied by laser-drilled holes always prevent the laser drilling technique from extending its applications in aerospace and aircraft industries, therefore, a novel hybrid process incorporating laser drilling with jet electrochemical machining (JECM-LD) has been developed to solve these problems as well as improve the overall quality of laser-drilled holes. It is executed by directing an electrolyte jet coaxially aligned with a laser beam onto the workpiece surface. During the process, the electrolyte jet produces electrochemical reaction with the surface material, effective cooling of it and carries away the process scraps. A two-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to describe the shape of the holes machined by JECM-LD. The model is verified through comparison between the results from simulation and those from experiments conducted on the test pieces made of 321 stainless steel 0.5 mm thick processed by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser at second harmonic wavelength. An examination of the experimental results under an optical microscope discovers that, by contrast with the laser drilling in air, the JECM-LD has effectively removed the recast layers and spatters, but its efficiency dropped by about 30%.     

扩散角对汽车风洞扩散段流动的影响

传统的汽车风洞设计一般参考现有风洞的设计经验和沿用工程估算方法。扩散段是汽车风洞的主要部件之一,它的设计经验和估算方法通常基于均匀来流。笔者采用v2f湍流模型研究两种非均匀来流工况下,不同扩散角对扩散段流动的影响。模型风洞扩散段出口速度分布的数值模拟结果与试验结果的一致性表明：使用v2f湍流模型能够真实反映扩散段流动特性。与均匀来流相比,非均匀来流大幅度增加扩散段总压损失因数,约增加420%。壁面摩擦损失和流动分离损失的相互作用使风洞扩散段在某一扩散角下存在最小总压损失因数,且扩散段进口速度不均匀度越大,最优扩散角越大。     

固体火箭发动机Al_2O_3凝结及颗粒破碎的数值模拟

Al2O3凝结对固体火箭发动机Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃气流动有很大影响。结合拉格朗日方法,建立Al2O3凝结模型,分析了在Al2O3烟雾凝结及颗粒自身破碎作用下,不同初始直径Al颗粒的燃烧效率及燃烧室流场的变化规律。计算结果与同条件下的测试数据有较好的吻合,颗粒分布符合相关实验现象。结果表明,小颗粒燃烧后,流场温度及Al2O3烟雾分布均匀;随颗粒初始直径的增加,径向出现明显分层现象;在发动机出口,小颗粒燃烧效率较高,颗粒中Al2O3质量分数较大,但破碎程度较小;随初始直径增加,颗粒燃烧效率逐渐降低,颗粒中仍含有大量未燃烧的Al,破碎程度提高,颗粒数目急剧增加。     

一种全光纤激光干涉测速仪的研究

应用全光纤激光干涉测速原理,搭建了一套由单模光纤和光纤耦合器组成的全光纤测速仪。通过与激光测振仪的比对实验得到了相对偏差小于1.4%的测速结果,实验利用Hopkinson杆冲击产生标准速度源,提供20.86 m/s瞬时标准参考速度时,实测速度为20.57 m/s。验证了全光纤激光干涉测速仪的可行性。     

激光探潜系统中杂散光抑制措施分析

杂散光会引起像质模糊和对比度下降,降低像面的信噪比,严重影响了光学系统的成像质量,必须进行消除。针对激光探潜系统中红外光和蓝绿光分离的光学系统,分析了红外系统中杂散辐射和蓝绿光系统中杂散光来源,给出了相应的杂散辐射和杂散光的抑制措施,为激光探潜系统光学系统的进一步优化设计提供了参考,展望了消杂光技术未来的发展趋势。