Injection of 40-kHz-modulated electron beam from the satellite: II. Excitation of electrostatic and whistler waves

Beam-plasma interaction effects are studied during the active space experiment with electron and Xe-ion beam injections in an ionospheric plasma. Permanent 40-kHz-modulated electron beam injection occurs simultaneously with a xenon-ion beam injected by the Hall-type plasma thruster operating in a square-pulse mode (100/50 s for a job/pause duration). The unusual behavior of the background charged particle fluxes and wave activity stimulated during the beam-plasma interaction have been registered by the scientific instruments onboard Intercosmos-25 station (IK-25) and Magion-3 subsatellite. The longitudinal and electromagnetic wave instabilities and their mutual relationship are considered in order to explain the observed effects. The excitation of electrostatic waves by the electron injection has been considered for different resonance conditions near the linear stability boundary. Beam-driven electromagnetic instability is responsible for the backward-propagating whistler waves excited via cyclotron resonance. Competition of these two beam instabilities is one of the subjects of the present study.     

Near-wall topological patterns and flow structures over a simplified Danaus plexippus model

Studies on the high-lift mechanisms of butterfly gliding flights shed light on the design of the micro air vehicles. The flow field around a simplified Danaus plexippus model is investigated using the hydrogen bubble visualization and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. There are three near-wall topological patterns with different Angles of Attack (AoAs): the separation bubble, the Leading-Edge Vortex (LEV) and the high AoAs flow. For the separation bubble pattern, two saddles and two foci form in the middle of the model. The features of the LEV pattern are the leading-edge separation lines. The topological characteristics of the separation lines are changed by the interaction between the LEV and the Wing-Tip Vortex (WTV). For the high AoAs flow pattern, four unstable foci are found at the forewing and the hindwing respectively. The angle between the trajectory of the WTV and the model increases with increasing AoA even though the slope of the WTV angle versus AoA curve declines at the moderate AoAs.     

Neural adaptive control for a ground experiment of the space proximity operation in a six-degree-of-freedom micro-gravity simulation system

In this study, a neural adaptive controller is developed for a ground experiment with a spacecraft proximity operation. As the water resistance in the experiment is highly nonlinear and can significantly affect the fidelity of the ground experiment, the water resistance must be estimated accurately and compensated using an active force online. For this problem, a novel control algorithm combined with Chebyshev Neural Networks (CNN) and an Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC) is proposed. Specifically, the CNN algorithm is used to estimate the water resistance. The advantage of the CNN estimation is that the coefficients of the approximation can be adaptively changed to minimize the estimation error. Combined with the ADRC algorithm, the total disturbance is compensated in the experiment to improve the fidelity. The dynamic model of the spacecraft proximity maneuver in the experiment is established. The ground experiment of the proximity maneuver that considers an obstacle is provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed controller. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the pure ADRC method and can achieve close-to-real-time performance for the spacecraft proximity maneuver.     

用于BVI噪声试验的新型涡发生器设计与分析

针对直升机特有的旋翼桨/涡干扰(Blade vortex interaction,BVI)噪声计算精度低且试验数据缺乏问题,也为了开展旋翼气动噪声特性分离方法的验证试验研究,本文设计了一种能够用于BVI噪声试验的新型多段翼型组合式涡发生器。首先通过CATIA软件建立涡发生器出口端翼型段在不同迎角下的试验模型,再使用FLUENT软件建立涡发生器的流场仿真计算模型,比较分析了不同翼型段迎角下的涡流流场。随后用粒子图像测速法(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术系统测量了不同翼型段迎角、距离涡发生器出口端的长度及流速等参数变化下的涡流流场,对不同试验状态下的涡核、涡强等参数进行了对比分析。针对涡量偏弱的缺点,对传统单级涡发生器进行了改进,设计研发了双级涡发生段。试验证明其能产生更强且稳定的涡,为BVI噪声试验提供了模拟的桨尖涡,试验结果表明了涡发生器的有效性。     

Electron density inversed by plasma lines induced by suprathermal electron in the ionospheric modification experiment

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is the most powerful ground-based measurement facility to study the ionosphere. The plasma lines are not routinely detected by the incoherent scatter radar due to the low intensity, which falls below the measured spectral noise level of the incoherent scatter radar. The plasma lines are occasionally enhanced by suprathermal electrons through the Landau damping process and detectable to the incoherent scatter radar. In this study, by using the European Incoherent Scatter Association (EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar, the experiment observation presents that the enhanced plasma lines were observed. These plasma lines were considered as manifest of the suprathermal electrons generated by the high-frequency heating wave during the ionospheric modification. The electron density profile is also obtained from the enhanced plasma lines. This study can be a promising technique for obtaining the accurate electron density during ionospheric modification experiment.     

喷雾器喷嘴出口喷流流场特性的实验研究

通过定性定量实验手段研究了以水为单介质流体的某农用喷雾器喷嘴出口流场。首先采用单反相机常规拍摄方法,记录了喷雾压力在50～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场,发现了随着喷雾压力增大,喷嘴出口射流的形状经历了形成液泡到液泡破裂的过程,以及射流发展及最终稳定过程。然后通过PIV测速技术对喷雾压力在1 000～4 000 Pa范围内的喷嘴出口流场进行了定量测量实验研究,获得了在纵向截面上,喷嘴出口速度随喷雾压力增大而增大,且在中心线上的速度随着离喷口距离的增加均呈现振荡衰减的变化规律。在同一位置横向截面上,随着喷雾压力的增加,旋流强度越强,流速越大;而在同一喷雾压力下,离喷嘴出口距离越近的横截面处旋流强度越大,流速也越大。本文实验研究结果验证了PIV测速技术可以用于水雾滴的速度场测量。     

低温推进剂空间管理技术研究进展与展望

本文介绍了低温推进剂的性能优势与空间管理挑战，梳理了低温流体空间管理(CFM)技术特征及其研究现状，建议按照重力依赖型与重力无关型分类开展技术成熟度提升研究。调研了美国逾半个世纪的CFM技术搭载实验研究历程，分析了各类平台的工作特性与性能优势。基于我国航天发展现状与未来需求，探析了我国开展CFM技术攻关、飞行搭载实验的可行方案。建议在我国载人空间站规划舱内低温技术实验柜与舱外暴露平台实验模块，加速我国CFM技术向工程应用的转化。     

三维并联式TBCC发动机排气系统设计与实验

为实现三维并联式TBCC排气系统的设计,利用基于二维最大推力理论的密切法设计了圆转矩变截面非对称冲压发动机喷管,并在冲压发动机喷管上壁面为三维曲面的条件下,利用转动加滑动共用面的调节方式实现了涡喷发动机喷管的内型面设计及其喉道面积的调节,从而完成了排气系统设计。随后对设计结果进行了冷流实验验证。结果表明,这种排气系统设计方法具有可行性。在冲压单独工作状态,壁面压力分布的数值计算与实验结果吻合较好,相对方均根偏差低于10.8%;在涡喷单独工作状态及共同工作状态,上壁面压力在激波附面层干扰区域内偏差较大,最大相对偏差可达30.6%。但壁面压力分布的数值计算与实验结果的整体变化趋势一致。      

基于确定接触迹线的点接触齿轮副构建及实验

提出一种点接触齿轮副,在已知齿面上根据设计需要确定接触迹线,推导其共轭曲线,将齿廓曲线沿共轭曲线扫掠后形成轮齿齿面,构建与已知齿轮正确啮合的配对齿轮,并推导该齿轮副的滑动系数计算方法;以渐开线内齿轮为已知齿轮,设计以抛物线齿面作为轮齿齿面的配对齿轮,进行齿轮样机制造和效率实验研究。结果表明,该齿轮副在啮合过程中时刻保持点接触状态,啮合点沿着理论接触迹线移动,与理论分析一致;滑动系数的大小取决于齿轮两端选取啮入点和啮出点所对应的渐开线参数值范围;实验后齿轮副实际接触迹线与理论接触迹线一致,且效率稳定在97.2%~98.5%。      

基于ZEMAX软件的圆喷管成像畸变校正方法

准确显示圆喷管内流场,对于了解和控制该流场具有一定意义,并能为相关数值计算结果提供验证.为此,必须首先解决较厚圆喷管成像畸变带来有效视场减小的问题,采用圆喷管外加校正柱透镜方法可以予以校正.校正柱透镜的设计采用厚透镜焦距计算和ZEMAX软件优化设计相结合,并进行了静态验证,将有效视场从不到30%提高到了大于80%;其次,校正设计时假设圆喷管内折射率为1,并以平行光出射,通过对这个假设的分析,表明其对圆喷管内一定的高温高压流场显示结果影响较小;然后,分析了流场显示的可行方法,给出了动态显示结果;最后指出了该校正方法的可行性和对于定量干涉测量的局限性.该研究对于圆喷管内燃烧流场的研究具有参考意义.