Flow field characteristics,mixing and emissions performance of a lab-scale rich-quench-lean trapped-vortex combustor utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body

In this study, the low emission combustion technology of Rich-Quench-Lean (RQL) has been applied in Trapped-Vortex Combustor (TVC), and the combinative RQL-TVC shows a promising low emissions performance. By utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body, a lab-scale RQL-TVC was designed. The flow fields of RQL-TVC were measured by 2-D PIV and predicted by 3-D numerical simulation. Flow structures, radial profiles of normalized mean axial velocity, turbulence intensity and mixing level of the quench zone were analyzed. Results reveal that the dual-vortex and the single-vortex flow patterns both exist in cavities and quench zone of RQL-TVC, and the turbulence intensity is strong in the quench zone with some reverse flows. The spiral vortex was discussed by 3-D streamlines and the detail flow structures of the quench zone were analyzed based on the numerical results. The mixing level of the quench zone was determined, and results show that the quench device enhances the mixing level compared with TVC. Combustion efficiency and emissions performance were investigated experimentally, and results demonstrate that RQL-TVC has relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower emission index of CO, UHC and NO_x than the same size lab-scale TVC in present work.     

Experimental study of a flush wall scramjet combustor equipped with strut/wall fuel injection

In this study a flush wall scramjet combustor is tested in a supersonic incoming air flow with the Mach number of 3 which is generated by an air vitiation heater producing the stagnation temperature of 1505 K. Using liquid kerosene as the fuel, the flame is stabilized by means of a centrally mounted O₂ pilot strut after being ignited by a plasma torch. During experimental measurements, the fuel is injected with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.8 according to specified strut/wall injection ratios, i.e., a portion of the fuel amount is injected from the strut while the rest is injected from the wall. The strut and wall injectors are arranged at the same axial position. The combustion performance and wall temperature gradients are evaluated with various fuel feeding ratios between the wall and the strut. Experimental results show, when the equivalence ratio is constant and the axial injection position is fixed, the combustion characteristics vary significantly with the strut/wall fuel feeding ratio, especially when this ratio is close to its lowest and highest limits. Among the four fuel feeding ratios examined, the strut only injection mode and the average distributed strut/wall injection mode show the best combustion performance. However, the strut/wall injection mode produces a smaller wall temperature gradient compared to the strut only injection mode, which is due to the significant film cooling effect caused by the wall injected liquid kerosene.     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合通道的换热

采用热色液晶测温法,测量了涡轮叶片尾缘带隔板的复合通道的温度场,分析了射流冲击强化扰流柱通道内换热的机理,讨论了两通道间隔板的不同开孔结构对换热的影响.从工程应用的角度出发提出了几个换热评价指标,对不同开孔结构的隔板进行了换热评价.结果表明:冷气由第1通道进入,通过隔板上的孔不断由径向流动变为弦向流动后,对第2通道的扰流柱区形成冲击,最后由劈缝排出,提高了尾缘的换热;开孔均匀的隔板换热效果相对较好.     

基于可靠性优化计算的直喷式燃调风门止动修复方案设计

采用一种新型的基于可靠性优化技术的计算和选择过盈配合的新方法,把常规设计与可靠性设计结合起来,利用优化设计的方法,对直喷式燃调风门止动过盈修复的可靠性设计进行了分析,推导出了计算公式,并验证了其正确性。     

基于伴飞模式的补给星轨道设计与优化

针对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给问题,本文对其补给星的轨道进行了设计与优化。在给出补给星的轨道设计之后,利用遗传算法对补给星轨道机动所消耗的燃料质量以及每次转移给工作星的燃料质量进行了优化求解,使得补给星燃料利用率达到最高。仿真结果同时给出了燃料利用率与工作星轨道高度以及星座中卫星数目之间的关系,该结论对采用伴飞模式的星座燃料补给研究提供了较好的理论参考。     

带多孔板的APU进气系统气动性能实验

利用实验方法对一类带多孔板的辅助动力装置(APU)进气系统气动性能进行了研究.实验结果表明:两出口的总压恢复系数和总压畸变指数均随流量的增加不断降低.总压恢复系数在定总流量时略微下降,在定配比时几乎线性下降.总压畸变在周向上主要受多孔板无孔区影响,径向上主要受流道曲率影响.随开孔率增加,总压恢复系数不断增加.动力端不同开孔率下,总压畸变以径向畸变为主,负载端在小开孔率时以周向畸变为主,大开孔率时径向畸变成为主要因素.      

航天器推力器布设对燃料消耗的影响

对航天器六自由度控制的推力分配问题进行了研究,参考卫星导航系统中几何精度衰减因子(GDOP) 的定义,首次提出了推力器构型燃料消耗因子（FCF）的概念,并将此概念用于定义推力器相对几何关系引起的期望控制量与燃料消耗间的比例关系。通过矩阵理论分析得到了燃料消耗因子随推力器数目增加而减少的结论,并通过仿真计算对结论进行了验证。     

入口带倒圆结构的旋转长孔计算模型

通过对旋转长孔的各种复杂工况开展CFD仿真,对现有经验关联式进行修正,并基于流体网络法对修正后的计算模型进行开发,开发完成的模型采用计算流体力学商业软件Simerics进行验证,结果表明:该模型考虑了入口倒圆结构对流动的影响,对于旋转长孔的模拟准确度较高,在低雷诺数及超声速等各种流动状态下均具有较广的适用性,并且只需基本的几何特征参数即可进行一维数值模拟,因此可以作为二次空气系统一维数值仿真的标准化模型使用.      

搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊工艺

针对搅拌摩擦焊接头隧道类缺陷等强补焊的应用要求,开发了基于TIG焊熔补材料、搅拌摩擦焊增强组织性能的等强补焊工艺,对补焊后的接头进行了微观组织观察与力学性能分析,评价了补焊工艺对接头性能的影响.结果表明,对焊缝同一位置进行不大于三次的重复搅拌摩擦焊,接头力学性能不会明显下降;TIG熔补焊缝经再次搅拌摩擦焊后,其焊缝组织与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织特征相似,不会导致接头组织恶化.采用本文开发的等强补焊工艺对某型号火箭液氧贮箱纵缝的隧道缺陷进行了等强补焊,表明该方法有效可行.     

考虑燃料均衡的卫星编队队形重构技术

在卫星编队队形重构过程中,如何在实现编队整体燃料消耗较少的同时使得各子卫星燃料消耗均衡,能够有效地提高卫星编队整体的寿命。提出了一种基于虚拟中心位置可变的卫星编队队形重构新方法。该方法以虚拟中心位置为寻优变量,以首末脉冲时刻可优化的双脉冲规划作为单星轨道机动策略,将编队队形重构问题转化为混合0-1数学规划问题。仿真结果表明,该优化算法在实现整体燃料次优的同时,兼顾了各星当前的燃料剩余水平,实现了各子卫星的燃料均衡。