卫星姿态控制推力器布局分析

针对卫星姿态控制过程中推力器数目和分布的选取问题,给出了星上常用的4种推力器安装布局,通过相平面控制,给出了各个稚力器的喷气时间,通过对不同布局下系统的控制精度、燃料消耗和可靠性等方面进行分析和比较,给出了推力器布局设计准则.该准则表明系统的可靠性和燃料消耗是推力器布局设计的主要参考依据.     

基于遗传编程的航天器有限推力逼近轨迹规划

通过引入基函数的概念,提出了采用遗传编程求解有限推力航天器逼近非合作目标最终逼近段轨迹规划问题的方法。该方法将推力器开关状态定义为基函数,以多个基函数分别乘以开关状态持续时间再求和作为推力器开关的历程函数;将历程函数转换为遗传编程的树型结构,将消耗燃料的质量作为适应度函数,并将规避障碍物和终端逼近精度等约束条件以罚函数的形式添加到适应度函数中;利用遗传编程的模拟自然进化理论的全局寻优机制求解,最终得到最优逼近轨迹方案。某航天器在有限推力下逼近非合作目标的轨迹规划结果表明:整个逼近过程推力器仅开关5次,大大降低了对开关频率的要求,同时,规划结果比采用高斯伪谱法时逼近时间降低了30.09%,燃料消耗降低了4.18%。      

基于区域平均燃料消耗的推力器配置问题

摘要： 为实现精准的交会对接需要同时进行相对位置与相对姿态的六自由度控制.在控制指令一定的情况下,不同的推力器配置以及不同的控制分配算法会带来不同的推进剂消耗.实际任务中,可以从时间和空间上对控制指令进行划分,即控制指令在一段时间内集中在一定的空间区域内.本文提出发动机配置区域平均燃料消耗的度量指标,针对三维和六维控制任务给出区域平均燃料消耗的计算方法,进而提出对推力器配置阵的优化思路,对于完善控制指令分配和推力器配置设计与优化有重要的意义.     

脉冲调制在小型姿控推力器中的应用仿真

摘要： 针对采用推力器进行姿态控制过程中的姿态稳定度和燃料消耗优化问题,对脉冲调宽调频（PWPF）和伪速率脉冲（PSR）调制器进行详细介绍,分别对采用PWPF调制器和PSR调制器的姿控推力器姿态控制进行仿真分析,总结采用上述两种调制器的优缺点.以采用双时间常数的方法降低燃料消耗,加入一阶惯性滤波的方法降低系统噪声影响从而提高姿态控制稳定度,设计一种改进的脉冲调制器.通过仿真表明采用改进的脉冲调制器相比于采用PWPF调制器更节省燃料,且姿态稳定精度相当,相比于PSR调制器,改进的脉冲调制器显著提高了姿态稳定精度.     

激光微推力器的控制系统设计

针对微小卫星、钠卫星编队飞行时的姿态和轨道控制要求,提出星载微推力器的概念,而激光微推力器在众多的微推力器中以能产生10^-7N·s-10^-4N·s的最小冲量受到了国内外研究学者的关注。激光微推力器系统包括五个分系统,通过采用软件芯片DSP驱动步进电机的控制策略对控制分系统进行设计,实验结果表明可以取得较高的控制准确度。     

GEO卫星基于电推进系统的倾角与偏心率联合控制方法

针对配置电推力器的GEO卫星位置保持问题,提出一种对倾角与偏心率进行联合控制的方法,建立了求解控制方程的优化模型,并针对优化模型变量多、约束复杂的问题进行降维处理,得到两种简化的求解方法,降低了求解复杂度与计算量,适合星上自主计算。采用联合控制方法,仅靠电推力器就能够同时实现卫星倾角和偏心率的高精度控制,有效降低卫星位置保持总的推进剂消耗。仿真算例表明,与电推力器只控倾角的传统方法相比,在保证偏心率控制精度不变的前提下,采用电推力器倾角与偏心率联合控制方法,15年寿命期内节省推进剂质量39kg。     

用于PPT的扩散模型及其简化MHD方程组的解

本文对目前描述脉冲等离子体推力器放电过程的两个理论模型进行了简要的分析讨论,在此基础上,考虑到放电通道实际的几何尺寸及通道中等离子体的行为,提出了新的假设--扩散模型。以两个不同放电通道几何尺寸的推力器为例,分别按这三种模型进行了计算,并进行了实验。对此可以看出,用新的理论模型描述推力器的物理过程更为合适。在对推力器进行初始设计和性能分析时,可以利用本文给出的方法。      

微小卫星轨道保持的混合切换控制方法

固体微推力器阵列作为一种新型推力装置用于微小卫星轨道保持具有精度高、无燃料泄漏、冲量可调等优点,但是微推力器推力不连续的特点,使得控制系统设计时与以往的连续系统有所不同。为了充分发挥微推力器高精度的特性,采用基于混合系统的切换控制思想,建立了微推力器混合切换系统控制模型。首先,根据固体微推力器的推力特点推导了卫星离散动力学模型;其次,以李雅普诺夫稳定性定律为基础,设计了混合系统脉冲切换控制律;最后,针对小卫星轨道控制进行了仿真验证。结果表明,基于混合系统建立的控制模型能准确反映微推力器的特点,轨道保持精度能达到0.2m,而且推力器消耗量满足卫星长时间在轨运行要求。     

基于离子推进技术的轨道转移设计

将太阳能离子推力器应用于卫星的推进系统,完成从地球同步转移轨道(GTO)到地球同步轨道(GEO)转移任务;建立任务模型,设计基于纬度幅角的反馈控制策略,对发动机开关时间进行优化.采用图形处理器（GPU, graphic processing unit）加速的遗传算法(GA,genetic algorithm)对卫星转移轨道任务进行优化设计.仿真结果表明：通过对该闭环控制器的定常参数进行优化,可将轨道导引至目标轨道附近;采用太阳能离子推力器可减少燃料消耗.基于GPU加速的遗传算法,可缩短算法运算时间.     

地球静止轨道卫星电推进位保策略研究

研究了利用电推进系统进行GEO卫星轨道保持问题,给出了一种基于日预报的位置保持策略。首先,根据GEO卫星轨道漂移规律,分析了小推力推进系统每日进行位保的可行性;然后,针对四电推力器配置构型,给出了每日轨道误差、各推力器工作时间与区间的预测方法;进一步,针对给定的定点位置,根据位保效果对电推进安装角进行了优化选择,并研究了推力变化对位保效果和燃料消耗的影响。以东经100°定点为例对所给方法进行了仿真验证,数值结果表明:所给策略可有效用于GEO卫星位置保持。     

Constant thrust collision avoidance maneuver under thruster failure

In this paper, the collision avoidance maneuver under the chaser’s thruster failure in radial direction is investigated. First, based on the vision measurement, the relative position parameters of the target spacecraft are obtained and the target maneuvre positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, by using coupling effects, the thrusters working time intervals can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the thrusters working time intervals. Next, the switching control law under constant thrust is designed for active collision avoidance maneuvres along a specified trajectory.     

故障模式下的空间交会防撞设计

  针对轨道平面内某一方向发动机失效的情况,利用控制力的耦合效应,设计了航天器轨道转移的控制律。利用碰撞概率分析航天器发生碰撞的可能性,并结合燃料消耗选择一条碰撞概率小于给定的警戒值且燃料最优的转移轨道。最后通过仿真验证了发动机失效情况下的主动防撞机动控制律的有效性。     

Predictive fault-tolerant control of an all-thruster satellite in 6-DOF motion via neural network model updating

The problem of controlling an all-thruster spacecraft in the coupled translational-rotational motion in presence of actuators fault and/or failure is investigated in this paper. The nonlinear model predictive control approach is used because of its ability to predict the future behavior of the system. The fault/failure of the thrusters changes the mapping between the commanded forces to the thrusters and actual force/torque generated by the thruster system. Thus, the basic six degree-of-freedom kinetic equations are separated from this mapping and a set of neural networks are trained off-line to learn the kinetic equations. Then, two neural networks are attached to these trained networks in order to learn the thruster commands to force/torque mappings on-line. Different off-nominal conditions are modeled so that neural networks can detect any failure and fault, including scale factor and misalignment of thrusters. A simple model of the spacecraft relative motion is used in MPC to decrease the computational burden. However, a precise model by the means of orbit propagation including different types of perturbation is utilized to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed approach in actual conditions. The numerical simulation shows that this method can successfully control the all-thruster spacecraft with ON-OFF thrusters in different combinations of thruster fault and/or failure.     

Constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure

In this paper, a field-of-view constrained guidance algorithm for -V-bar constant thrust departure under thruster failure is investigated. First of all, the relative position parameters of the chaser are obtained by using the vision measurement and the target departure manoeuvres positions are calculated through the isochronous interpolation method. Then, a new switching control law under constant thrust is designed for the departure manoeuvres. The switching control law is obtained based on the acceleration sequences and the on time of thrusters which can be computed by the time series analysis method. The perturbations and fuel consumptions are addressed during the computation of the on time of thrusters. With the switching control law, the constant thrust-V-bar departure under the thruster failure in the x-axis is carried out by using coupling effects.On the basis of the toolbox of matlab, practical examples for simulation and application are given. The half cone angle of the cone-shaped field-of-view of the target spacecraft is α = 30°, the simulation results show that the proposed guidance algorithm can well satisfy the conditions for the constraints and can make sure the chaser departures from the target spacecraft safely.     

Coordinated control of tethered space robot using mobile tether attachment point in approaching phase

Tethered space robots (TSRs) have wide applications in future on-orbit service owing to its flexibility and great workspace. However, the control problem is quite complex and difficult in the phase of approaching target, and the fuel consumption must also be taken into account. Hence, we present a novel scheme of achieving coordinated orbit and attitude control simultaneously for the TSR. Space tether, which can provide greater force compared with the thruster force, is used in the design of the orbit and attitude coordinated controller. A coordinated control mechanism is designed to provide attitude control torques of the pitch and yaw motions by adjusting the position of the mobile tether attachment point, while the roll motion is stabilized by the thruster. In order to guarantee this mechanism to work properly, constant tether tension strategies are utilized to plan an optimal approaching trajectory which is tracked by the coordinated controller of tether force and thruster force. Numerical simulation validates the feasibility of our proposed coordinated control scheme for TSR in the approaching phase. Furthermore, fuel consumption of the orbit and attitude control are both significantly reduced compared with traditional thruster control.