测试传声器的高声压级校准

从原理和结构上分析测试传声器在高声压级下的非线性特性,着重介绍以高压谐振耦合腔为核心的高声压级校准装置的原理、校准方法及不确定度分析,并给出一些试验结果。     

汽室型铷原子频标中微波腔的小型化

讨论了实现汽室型铷原子频标微波腔小型化的技术途径,给出了自主研制的小型化微波腔的三维仿真结果和外型结构,介绍了以新研制的小型微波腔为基础构成的小型化腔泡系统。小型化微波腔的研制成功,使整个物理系统的体积减小。在小型化的条件下,整机短期频率稳定度达到了国际同类产品水平。     

喷流反压模拟技术及在高超声速进气道实验中的应用

为研究高超声速进气道的反压特性以及不起动/再起动特性,提出了一种凹腔喷流反压模拟技术,在实验过程中通过控制阀门的开度可方便地且迅速地调节进气道的出口反压.利用该技术,还对一种马赫数为7级的轴对称高超声速的反压特性及不起动/再起动特性进行了研究,展示了该技术的实用性.结果表明:(1)所提出的凹腔喷流技术可在进气道下游形成较为均匀的、可控的背压环境,因此可用于进气道的反压特性研究;(2)适当调节凹腔的喷流总压,并在实验中实时控制阀门的开度,凹腔喷流技术能够在较短的风洞实验时间内(约8 s)实现进气道起动、不起动、再起动流态之间的切换,因此可用于进气道的不起动/再起动特性研究.      

高位预旋进气转静盘腔换热实验

将某型发动机的涡轮盘腔结构简化成高位预旋进气的转静盘腔模型, 结合热色液晶先进测温显示技术, 通过实验的方法研究了转静盘间距、进气流量、旋转雷诺数以及旋流比等参数的变化对冷气降温效果和转盘换热效果的影响.实验结果表明:高位预旋进气对转盘外缘的冷却效果较好, 转盘上的温度分布呈现为同心圆形状;随着旋转雷诺数和转静盘间距的增大或者进气流量的减小, 冷气的总温降减小, 气流对转盘的换热效果变差.      

凹腔驻涡模型燃烧室内涡的演化发展

使用大涡模拟对凹腔内双驻涡冷态流场进行了分析研究.结果发现, 在主流、前后壁面射流的情况下, 凹腔在某些特定几何条件下会产生准周期生成和破碎的驻涡, 同时研究了凹腔内准周期驻涡的生成发展的过程, 得到了影响凹腔内涡演化的新结果.      

矩形渡槽槽体结构绕流流场数值模拟研究

基于二维非定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,采用RNG(renormalization group)k-ε两方程湍流模型,对矩形渡槽在空槽和满槽情况下的二维绕流特性进行了分析.计算网格为四边形结构网格,采用有限体积法对微分方程进行离散,应用SIMPLE算法解决压强-速度耦合关系.引入空腔流动研究成果对空槽和满槽风载体形系数基本相同的原因进行了理论分析,揭示了空槽时槽体内复杂的旋涡流动结构.     

采用二维贝叶斯方法求解旋转盘腔导热反问题

为了研究压气机旋转盘腔换热特性,实现准确求解转盘表面传热系数,引入二维贝叶斯方法,此方法采用先验分布优化测温误差,并且更加符合转盘的二维特性。通过加入噪声的模拟数据验证方法的可行性,结果表明无测温误差时方法的平均误差是3.2%,有测温误差时方法的平均误差是10.6%,并分析了误差来源。通过与已有实验结果对比,发现方法更适用于计算转盘迎风面与背风面传热差异较大时的表面传热系数,平均相对误差为9.6%,满足实际工程精度的要求。通过改变盘面温度测点数量,发现测点增加会提升计算精度,并采用统计抽样理论分析原因,发现在可接受误差为10%时,所需要的测点数量比较合理。     

Experimental investigation on a cavity-step-actuated supersonic oscillating jet

Wind tunnel testing is conducted at different back pressures in a vacuum-type wind tun-nel for a novel supersonic fluidic oscillator which consists of a two-dimensional Laval nozzle, a rect-angular cavity and a backward step, to obtain its characteristics and the conditions for jet oscillating. The experimental results show that periodic asymmetrical flipping of the supersonic jet appears over certain nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) range according to schlieren visualization and pressure fluctuations. The jet flipping appears only when the jet is over expanded. The normal-ized average amplitude of the lateral pressure difference acting on the roofs of the cavity and the step varies around 0.2 while the periodic flipping appears. The supersonic jet periodic flipping fre-quencies obtained from the experiments agree well with those from the modified Rossiter mode for cavity-step acoustic resonance, but further investigations are needed to discover the underlying mechanism for the jet flipping.     

高速飞行器空腔脉动压力主动控制与非线性数值模拟

空腔脉动压力(空腔噪声)预测是高速飞行器内埋弹舱的关键技术之一。非线性噪声求解方法是近年来新提出的一种噪声求解方法,为研究该方法对空腔噪声的预测性能,将雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程与之相结合。首先,通过RANS求解空腔周围流场,得到初始湍流统计平均解,其中包含平均流场基本特征及强制设定的湍流脉动的统计描述。然后,采用非线性噪声求解方法重构噪声源并高精度模拟压力脉动的传播,计算了马赫数Ma=1.5和Ma=5条件下的空腔噪声。结果表明,噪声特性计算值与试验结果基本吻合,说明非线性噪声求解方法对于高速空腔流动噪声具有较好的预测能力。在此基础上,研究了马赫数Ma=1.5和Ma=5条件下在空腔前缘加入气帘喷流主动控制措施对噪声的抑制作用,并得出在超声速和高超声速条件下,气帘喷流对于空腔脉动压力都有较好的抑制作用。     

Numerical investigation of windage heating within shrouded rotor-stator cavity system with central inflow

The rotating disk surface temperature rise due to windage heating effect by numerically modeling the turbulent flow within a rotor-stator cavity which is available with a peripheral shroud and imposed through airflow was dealt with. The windage heating may be defined as viscous friction heating caused by relative velocity differences across the boundary layers between the fluid and the rotating disk surface. The kinetic energy dissipation process could transform the rotating shaft power into thermal heating. Commercial finite volume based solver, ANSYS/CFX was employed to numerically simulate this physical process by using the shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. CFD results include the rotating disk surface temperature axial distribution and tangential velocity distribution of the fluid domain. The velocity difference between the result obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments and CFD simulation are within 5%. The adiabatic disk temperature rise can be calculated by the tangential velocity of disk and fluid in large gap ratio and turbulent parameter. CFD temperature distribution results and those estimated via velocity differences are within 10%.