带分流叶片离心压气机优化设计

为探索带分流叶片离心压气机的优化方法,进一步提高气动性能,建立带分流叶片离心压气机优化系统:运用Bézier函数建立叶型的参数化表征方法,并采用人工神经网络建立目标函数和几何优化变量间的对应关系,结合遗传算法求解优化命题。为验证系统可行性,以极大化等熵效率为优化目标,针对带分流叶片的离心压气机进行优化设计。结果表明:该优化系统明显提高带分流叶片离心压气机的气动性能,优化后设计点等熵效率提高3.68%,压比提高0.506,设计转速下全工况范围内效率明显提升,综合稳定裕度增大;优化后90%,50%叶高波前马赫数有明显降低,前缘激波有所减弱,激波与附面层相互作用引起的损失减小,二次流得到抑制,叶尖通道内大范围低速区明显消退;叶片载荷重新分配,分流叶片载荷一部分转移至主叶片。     

超临界机组末级叶片典型截面的叶型设计

针对超临界机组末级长叶片的设计特点,采用遗传算法和人工神经网络,提出对长叶片典型截面叶型进行分区优化设计思想,并对原型与改型进行了多工况点的数值计算,结果表明,将叶型吸力侧后半段由直线型改为内凹型,能够显著降低超声速叶型在超声速工况范围内的叶型损失。对叶型前缘以及压力侧的局部优化设计能够改善超声速叶型在临界马赫数工况下的气动性能。优化设计最大程度地减小了样本空间,提高了优化效率。     

最优气动力辅助空间拦截和交会

航天器从高轨道向位于低地球圆轨道的靶目标实施拦截或进行交会 ,并用间接求解的直接伴随方法 ,即用D型拉格朗日方法求解其优化问题。拦截条件是指在最终时刻两者的位置相同 ,而交会条件是指不仅位置相同且最终的速度矢量亦相等。文章讨论了最小时间与最小脱靶量 ,或最小时间与最小燃料消耗的复合性能指标 ,以及推力协同机动的优化解。推力协同下 ,对于特定情况 ,如在热流约束边界部分推力弧是奇异的 ,气动力控制是正常的。这种复杂性和奇异问题的求解在拦截和交会问题中都是值得慎重处理的。     

不同尾缘喷射对涡轮叶栅气动性能的影响

通过尾缘喷气模型与涡轮叶栅流场计算及附面层参数的关联 ,初步提供了能较为准确预测尾缘冷气喷射对尾迹参数分布规律及气动性能影响的理论预测系统。对半开缝和对开缝两种尾缘冷气喷射的研究表明 :喷气流量比增大时 ,两种不同形式叶栅的能量损失系数都有先减小后增大的趋势 ;在相同条件下 ,半开缝叶栅的能量损失系数比对开缝在相应条件下的要稍小一些 ;尾缘喷射对于叶栅的平均出口气流角的影响很小     

尖脊(Caret)进气道地面气动特性试验研究

在地面静止状态下试验研究了尖脊进气道气动特性以及唇口厚度对进气道性能影响 ,给出了进气道各侧壁沿程静压分布及其出口总压分布图谱 ,研究了进气口流动特点及其对出口总压畸变流场的影响。试验表明 ,Caret进气道进口存在一大一小的反向旋转涡 ,该旋涡的作用使得进气道高、低压区均旋转了 90°以上。进口下唇口和外唇口厚度对地面静止状态下的进气道总压恢复系数和总压畸变指数有较大的影响 ,为进气唇口厚度的选择提供了依据。     

一种基于工程化气动加热算法的天线热防护设计

高超音速气动热仿真技术是提高天线热防护能力的重要支撑之一,为了进一步缩短研制周期和节约成本,本文提出了一种以冷壁热流和壁面恢复焓为输入条件,以MATLAB和CFD联合迭代快速求解高速气流中天线温度场的工程化算法。在利用气动热试验证明仿真结果与实验数据的高一致性后,以该仿真方法对一个高速气动加热时长为500 s的天线实施了防隔热优化设计,根据仿真评估出的导致核心器件温升的主、次要因素,针对性地提出改进措施,最终目标印制板由过往的320℃下降到了142℃,热控效果显著。     

非轴对称端壁造型对叶片端壁气热性能影响的研究

为了研究非轴对称端壁造型对典型燃气透平叶片端壁气动热力性能的影响,基于双控制型线非轴对称端壁造型方法,建立了间隙射流和主流掺混作用下非轴对称端壁气动热力性能的数值研究模型。在数值验证的基础上,研究了4种不同非轴对称端壁造型几何结构对叶栅端壁流动特性和气膜冷却性能的影响规律。结果表明,针对本文研究的大转折角透平叶片,在叶栅通道前部进行非轴对称端壁造型,会增强端壁的横向二次流,导致叶栅总压损失系数略有增大,会降低端壁的气膜有效度。而在叶栅通道后部进行非轴对称端壁造型,可以有效削弱端壁的横向二次流,减弱通道涡,从而降低叶栅的总压损失系数,同时,能够提升端壁横向平均气膜有效度高达22%,有利于提高端壁的气动热力性能。     

力/热环境下复合材料薄壁结构的分离动力学分析

基于显式动力学分析模拟了力/热环境下复合材料薄壁结构的分离过程，基于计及不确定性的Chang Chang失效准则评估了复合材料结构的可靠性，进而探究了气动力载荷和温度载荷对结构分离动力学以及复合材料结构强度可靠性的影响规律。结果表明：气动力载荷及温度的升高均会加速结构的分离过程；高温会显著影响结构脱离时刻的转动角度，进而改变了结构的脱离姿态；系统可靠性随温度载荷的升高而降低。     

Effects of stability margin and thrust specific fuel consumption constrains on multi-disciplinary optimization for blended-wing-body design

Blended-Wing-Body(BWB) configuration, as an innovative transport concept, has become a worldwide research focus in the field of civil transports development. Relative to the conventional Tube-And-Wing(TAW) configuration, the BWB shows integrated benefits and serves as a most promising candidate for future ‘‘green aviation". The objective of the present work is to figure out the effects of the stability margin and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption(TSFC) on the BWB design in the framework of Multi-Disciplinary Optimization(MDO). A physically-based platform was promoted to study the effect static stability margin and engine technology level. Low-order physically based models are applied to the evaluation of the weight and the aerodynamic performance. The modules and methods are illustrated in detail, and the validation of the methods shows feasibility and confidence for the conceptual design of BWB aircrafts. In order to find out the relation between planform changes and the selection of stability and engine technology level, two sets of optimizations are conducted separately. The study proves that these two factors have dominant effects towards the optimized BWB designs in both aerodynamic shapes, weight distribution, which needs to be considered during the MDO design process. A balance diagram analysis is applied to find out a reasonable static stability margin range. It can be concluded that a recommended stability margin of a practical BWB commercial aircraft can be half of that of a conventional TAW design.     

Hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design using modified sequential approximate optimization

Hypersonic vehicles are receiving increased attention within the aerospace community due to their high cruise speed and long-range capabilities. In this paper, a modified Sequential Approximate Optimization method is proposed for an optimized aerodynamic design of a hypersonic vehicle. As part of this approach, a constrained experimental design method is developed to handle the constraints more efficiently. A radial basis function is used to surrogate time-consuming CFD analysis. An efficient and more robust numerical mesh morphing scheme for the hypersonic vehicle is developed for the generation of high-quality meshes. Within this paper, a novel adaptive infilling strategy is proposed which uses an inaccurate search technique coupled with an elite archive. This allows the location of a more promising sample region and hence improves the surrogate accuracy, thereby further enhancing the optimization efficiency. A hypersonic vehicle aerodynamic design problem is solved using the proposed approach and satisfactory results are obtained at much lower computational costs. The lift-to-drag ratio is increased by 23.8% when compared with the base configuration while also satisfying the volume and lift constraints. The pressure and Mach contours have been compared with those of the base configuration and the results demonstrate the strength of the optimized configuration. The modified sequential approximate optimization for designing an improved hypersonic vehicle is worth referencing in future work.