Attitude control system design and on-orbit performance analysis of nano-satellite––‘‘Tian Tuo 1’’

‘‘Tian Tuo 1'(TT-1) nano-satellite is the first single-board nano-satellite that was successfully launched in China. The main objective of TT-1 is technology demonstration and scientific measurements. The satellite carries out the significant exploration of single-board architecture feasibility validation, and it is tailored to the low-cost philosophy by adopting numerous commercialoff-the-shelf(COTS) components. The satellite is featured with three-axis stabilization control capability. A pitch bias momentum wheel and three magnetic coils are adopted as control actuators.The sun sensors, magnetometers and a three-axis gyro are employed as the measurement sensors.The quaternion estimator(QUEST) and unscented Kalman filter(UKF) method are adopted for the nano-satellite attitude determination. On-orbit data received by ground station is conducted to analysis the performance of attitude determination and control system(ADCS). The results show that the design of ADCS for TT-1 is suitable, robust and feasible.     

Aeroelastic two-level optimization for preliminary design of wing structures considering robust constraints

An aeroelastic two-level optimization methodology for preliminary design of wing struc- tures is presented, in which the parameters for structural layout and sizes are taken as design vari- ables in the first-level optimization, and robust constraints in conjunction with conventional aeroelastic constraints are considered in the second-level optimization. A low-order panel method is used for aerodynamic analysis in the first-level optimization, and a high-order panel method is employed in the second-level optimization. It is concluded that the design of the abovementioned structural parameters of a wing can be improved using the present method with high efficiency. An improvement is seen in aeroelastic performance of the wing obtained with the present method when compared to the initial wing. Since these optimized structures are obtained after consideration of aerodynamic and structural uncertainties, they are well suited to encounter these uncertainties when they occur in reality.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

LHT-100霍尔推力器热特性模拟分析

为了对LHT-100霍尔推力器提出热设计优化措施,采用有限元仿真软件进行LHT-100霍尔推力器的稳态、瞬态及空间在轨环境模拟热分析研究,并通过热平衡试验进行了结果比对。分析及试验结果表明,处于工作状态时霍尔推力器的高温部件主要是放电腔、阳极和导磁底座,而受高温影响薄弱部件内线圈、气路组件的温度则分别达到了约401~421℃和141~381℃。热设计优化建议为,在放电腔与内线圈之间增加独立热屏结构后可以有效降低内线圈温度约80~90℃,在阳极气路组件上存在的热应力会是影响霍尔推力器可靠性的重要因素,需要在热设计中得到充分考虑。     

基于自适应核主元分析的EHA系统传感器故障检测

针对核主元分析(KPCA)方法难以选择合适核函数的问题,提出了一种基于自适应核主元分析的传感器故障检测方法,根据训练数据对核函数进行自适应修正,使核函数适应给定的训练数据。对常规数据标准化处理方法进行了改进,提出了一种"均值化"的处理方法,使处理后的数据既能消除不同变量幅值和量纲的影响,又能反映训练数据的全部信息。将此方法应用于机载电动静液作动器(Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator,EHA)系统的传感器故障检测,结果表明,此方法比常规KPCA方法更为先进,具有更好的故障检测性能。     

基于损伤力学的金属材料韧性断裂失效分析

金属韧性断裂是损伤累积的结果,以孔洞演化理论和细观损伤力学模型为基础,将韧性断裂机制

分为拉伸型和剪切型两种类型,提出了一个适用于不同变形路径的统一形式的韧性断裂准则。通过编写用户

材料子程序VUMAT,将韧性断裂准则嵌入到ABAQUS 有限元软件的准静态算法主程序中,模拟了航空铝合金

LY12CZ(Kt =1 和3)单向拉伸时材料损伤累积、裂纹萌生、扩展直至韧性断裂的物理全过程,并通过拉伸试验

验证了模型的有效性。韧性金属材料孔洞断裂机制研究表明,单调加载过程中宏观裂纹的形成是孔洞在夹杂

物和第二相微粒周围形核、长大直至聚合的结果。

     

进口集成电路的一种拆机翻新案例分析

结合失效分析的实际案例,通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析、金相分析等手段,发现了将拆机进口集成电路的外引线重新焊接,并经简单的表面处理后,作为“崭新”集成电路的翻新手段.失效分析表明,这类失效模式通常只能在使用过程中发现,且具有批次性,潜在的危害十分严重.因此,在加强进口集成电路采购渠道、质量等级要求的同时,必须加快进口集成电路国产化的进程,才能进一步提高航天产品的质量可靠性.     

弧翼飞行器柔性飞行动力学研究

以一种弧翼布局飞行器为背景,介绍了飞行器的特性;建立了线性分布式气动力模型,添加到全机的三维有限元柔性模型上,进行飞行动力学的仿真分析。研究了分布式气动力模型对弧翼布局飞行器的柔性飞行动力学特性造成的影响。通过对不同响应情况下的飞行状态的仿真计算与分析,总结出了采用分布式气动力建模的大展弦比弧翼飞行器的柔性飞行动力学的变化规律。