不同速度运动汽车的磁异信号研究与探测

运动汽车随着速度的增加伴随着非稳态材料的产生，如汽油高温燃烧、高速摩擦引起自由电荷累积等。针对这些磁异信号难以采用适用于铁磁性材料的磁偶极子模型描述的问题，提出了结合磁偶极子模型和运动电荷等效模型的方法，理论计算不同速度运动汽车的磁异信号并分析其时域、频域特征，获得磁异信号与速度的依赖关系。采用隧道磁阻传感器（TMR）结合滤波、放大、模数转换技术构建弱磁信号探测实验装置，探测不同速度运动汽车的时域磁异信号，并采用傅里叶变换获得其频域信息，与理论模型相吻合。随着速度的增加，频域信号向高频方向偏移，对于从低频地磁背景场中提取目标弱磁信号极其重要。      

火星磁层顶形成和变化的理论研究

考虑太阳风动压与行星电离层中的带电粒子热压及磁压之和平衡，建立了有大气（电离层）的行星磁层顶形成的理论模型，结合卫星对火星的观测数据，对子午面内向日侧火星磁层顶位形进行了数值计算和分析，研究了火星磁层顶位形及其与太阳风动压之间的变化关系．结果认为，火星磁层顶位形与地球磁层顶相似．太阳风动压越大，火星磁层顶越靠近火星；太阳风动压越弱，火星磁层顶越远离火星．根据火星内秉磁矩从古到今逐渐减小的观点，探索了大尺度磁场（内禀磁矩）对火星磁层顶的贡献作用，结果认为大尺度磁场越强，火星磁层顶越远离行星．这对于进一步研究火星磁层的长期演化以及其他行星磁层的位形变化都具有重要的意义．     

湍流燃烧模拟中化学反应的加速算法研究进展

为研究湍流燃烧数值模拟中化学反应机理计算的加速方法，讨论了动态自适应化学（Dynamic Adaptive Chemistry，DAC）方法和Krylov子空间近似的指数格式的应用情况。在湍流火焰大涡模拟中，使用DAC简化可以加速化学反应计算。然而，在并行燃烧数值模拟中，处理器核心的负载极度不平衡，加速效果有限。而Krylov子空间近似的指数格式的加速效果可以作用于每个处理器核心，更有利于整体计算效率的提高。在同等精度下，相比于隐式格式耦合DAC和MTS加速方法，Krylov子空间近似的指数积分格式对化学反应计算的加速效果更为显著。     

首颗自主地月转移微卫星“龙江二号”

本文对世界首颗独立完成地月转移、近月制动、环月飞行的微卫星“龙江二号”进行了介绍。首先阐述了龙江二号的任务目标和总体方案；然后重点分析了轨道设计与控制、复杂电磁干扰的标定与抑制、宽视场三维基线干涉测量等关键技术难点；接着回顾了任务的实施过程；最后详细介绍了低频射电探测仪、沙特光学相机和VHF/UHF通信模块与学生微型CMOS相机等有效载荷，并展示了上述载荷获取的初步成果。     

面向Web科学可视化的临近空间数据视频化方法

临近空间在科学、经济和军事等领域具有重要价值，高效便捷地进行临近空间数据Web科学可视化和信息提取是临近空间数据应用不断深入和扩展的必然需求，但是，已有的临近空间数据类型繁杂和数据量巨大，成为Web传输和实时可视化的关键瓶颈。从数据组织方法角度展开了研究，根据临近空间数据的特点，结合视频压缩原理，提出了将临近空间数据进行分解、插值和色彩空间变换处理形成图像后，选取适宜视频压缩编码方法将图像编码为视频。实验结果表明:所提方法可以实现临近空间数据在Web环境下的高效组织，在保障可视化质量的前提下通过降低数据网络传输量实现了临近空间数据的实时可视化需求。研究结果可以直接解决临近空间数据Web实时可视化问题，将为临近空间科学研究和知识发现提供可视化理论和技术支持，并为类似海量数据Web科学可视化提供方法借鉴。      

基于脉冲超宽带的星载高速无线数据网络设计

针对卫星内高速数据通信现有的点对点LVDS线缆通信带来的线缆束缚、布局困难、成本增加的难题，提出一种基于脉冲超宽带的星载高速无线数据网络设计方案，介绍了脉冲超宽带收发机、高速无线网络协议和无线网络节点软硬件设计的关键技术.发射机采用阶跃恢复二级管（SRD）产生皮秒级脉冲信号；超宽带脉冲接收采用幅度检测方法；无线高速网络协议设计参考美国军用数据总线标准MIL-STD-1553B协议，采用时分制指令响应机制，对1553B标准的许多指标进行扩展以适应UWB无线信道和高速传输特点，并通过FPGA成功实现.测试显示，地面演示系统应用层数据传输误码率小于10-9，表明了基于脉冲超宽带的星载高速数据网络设计的可行性和可靠性.      

丙烯环路热管补偿器的可视化实验研究

通过采用石英补偿器和高速摄像机实现了对丙烯环路热管补偿器的可视化实验研究，重点研究了补偿器内工质的状态随充装量和传热量的变化及充装量对环路热管传热性能的影响。研究发现，容积为51.4 mL的环路热管最佳充装量约为19.7 g。充装量小于最佳充装量的各工况下，能观察到对应补偿器内工质液面高度低于引流管，蒸发器和补偿器之间相变换热强烈，引流管外壁面明显有工质的冷凝及流动，且工质冷凝和流动的速度随着传热量的增加而加快；随着充装量增加，环路热管传热热阻减小，280 K工作温度以下的传热量增大。最佳充装量对应的补偿器内液面高度浸没引流管而接近蒸发器核心通道顶端，得到280 K以下最大传热量为40 W，对应的最优传热热阻为2 K/W。充装量大于最佳充装量的工况下，补偿器内液面高度超过蒸发器核心顶端，随着充装量增加，环路热管传热热阻增大，280 K以下的传热量减小。补偿器和蒸发器核心通道内的工质分布能影响蒸发器向补偿器的漏热量，这是充装量影响环路热管性能的重要原因。      

Global ionospheric scintillations revealed by GPS radio occultation data with FY3C satellite before midnight during the March 2015 storm

Global observations of S4 amplitude scintillation index by the GPS Occultation Sounder (GNOS) on FengYun-3 C (FY3C) satellite reveal global dynamic patterns of a strong pre-midnight scintillations in F-region of the ionosphere during the St. Patrick’s Day geomagnetic super storm of 17–19 March 2015. The observed strong scintillations mainly occurred in the low latitudes, caused by equatorial plasma bubbles. During the main storm phase (March 17), the scintillations were first triggered in the New Zealand sector near 160°E longitudes, extending beyond 40°S dip latitude. They were also enhanced in the Indian sector, but significantly suppressed in East Asia near 120°E longitude and in Africa around 30°E longitude. During the initial recovery phase (March 18–19), the global scintillations were seldom observed in GNOS data. During the later recovery phase (after March 19), the scintillations recovered to the pre-storm level in Indian, African, and American sectors, but not in East Asian and any of Pacific sectors. These results closely correlate with observations of the density depletion structures by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite, and ground-based instruments. Such consistency indicates reliability of our scintillation sensing approach even in a case-by-case comparison study. The prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo electric field are suggested as the main factors that control the enhancement and inhibition of the scintillations during the storm, respectively.     

Model reference adaptive control with smooth switching scheme for piecewise linear systems and its application in turbofan engine control

A model reference adaptive control (MRAC) with smooth switching scheme was proposed for piecewise linear systems, and the method was utilized in turbofan engine control to avoid the discontinuity of control input. In this scheme, each sub-region of the operating envelope had its own MRAC controller, and smooth indicator function based smooth switching scheme was introduced to switch multiple controllers smoothly at the boundary of adjacent sub-regions. The Lyapunov stability analysis indicated that the proposed smooth switching scheme can guarantee the convergence of the closed-loop system during the controllers switching. The tracking error system was converted into a switched system to analyze the global stability of the closed-loop system. The advantage of the method was that the chattering of system output and instability caused by asynchronous switching can be eliminated. The simulation illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with the existing MRAC controller with gain scheduling for turbofan engine.      

A time-frequency analysis of the thermal radiation background anomalies caused by large earthquakes: A case study of the Wenchuan 8.0 earthquake

Strong earthquakes have an impact on the regional thermal radiation background, which has been both observed and confirmed. This effect produces anomalies in the thermal radiation background (TRBA) and increases the difficulty of extracting a thermal radiation anomaly (TRA) that is associated with an earthquake occurring during the same time period. The extraction and identification of such anomalies has been ignored by previous studies. In this study, we investigate the time-frequency analysis (TFA) method, together with the wavelet filtering of the Daubechies method and the relative power spectrum analysis of the Fourier Welch method to extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the 2008 Wenchuan Ms 8.0 earthquake and the TRA of the 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian Ms 6.6 earthquake using data concerning the brightness temperature of a black body (TBB) from the Fengyun-2 series of geostationary meteorological satellites developed by China. The result showed that this method can effectively extract and analyse the TRBA caused by the Wenchuan earthquake and the TRA of the Minxian-Zhangxian earthquake form a complex background environment. Furthermore, we discussed the impact of the earthquake on the TRBA and segmented the process. The impact is mainly reflected by three aspects; the characteristic period of the TRBA changes, the TRBA occurs at the same time every year, which is identical to the time at which the earthquake anomaly occurred, and the impact process is in stages. We also summarized the correlation between the characteristic parameters of a TRA and the regional thermal radiation background, geography, and climatic factors.