嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机设计与验证

介绍了嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机的设计思想与结果、发射前检测与地面推扫成像试验.嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机仍采用与嫦娥一号相同的线阵推扫成像模式,但嫦娥二号卫星CCD立体相机的技术指标要求大幅度提高,主要表现为地元分辨率由嫦娥一号的120m提高为嫦娥二号在100km圆轨上优于7m与在100km/15km椭圆轨道近月弧段...     

“嫦娥二号”将实现六大技术创新

<正>探月工程总设计师吴伟仁介绍说,"嫦娥二号"任务对探月工程将起到承上启下的关键作用,对整个工程乃至航天事业的发展都具有十分重要的意义。与"嫦娥一号"任务相比,"嫦娥二号"任务技术更新、难度更大、系统更     

“高分二号”卫星高分辨率相机技术创新及启示

文章介绍了"高分二号"(GF-2)卫星高分辨率相机的主要参数和特点,并将其主要性能参数与国际上同类相机进行了对比;介绍了GF-2卫星在相机总体方案、星地一体化、隔离微振、精密热控等方面的技术创新;通过全链路分析和仿真等技术手段,将?F/P=1设计理念与调制传递函数补偿技术结合起来,实现了相机的轻小型化,图像品质满足用户的要求。最后,文章给出了从GF-2卫星相机研制中得到的启示。     

资源三号卫星结构稳定性设计与实现

结构稳定性是影响卫星图像定位精度的重要环节。文章介绍了资源三号卫星在系统、相机、结构等方面为提高结构稳定性所采取的技术措施。资源三号卫星采用3台星敏感器与3台测绘相机一体化设计,并对星敏感器支架和相机支架等关键结构进行高稳定设计,提高星上姿态测量基准与成像基准的匹配精度;测绘相机采用低畸变光学系统设计,以提高相机内部稳定性;基于整星有限元模型对相机光轴在轨指向进行了仿真分析,并开展地面试验对设计和分析进行验证。卫星在轨数据表明:相机支架、星敏感器支架等结构在轨稳定性良好,卫星图像定位精度超过任务指标要求,相关设计、分析与试验技术可为后续高精度遥感卫星提供参考。     

“二姑娘”的三种可能结局

<正>嫦娥二号卫星完成预定的试验验证和科学探测任务后,这位"二姑娘"将有怎样的打算?嫦娥二号绕月探测卫星的总设计师黄江川介绍了三种可能的结局。黄江川告诉记者,嫦娥一号     

月面探测中的单目相机成像测量方法

针对月面着陆及就位探测过程中各类相机成像的工程实际,文章分析了降落过程单目成像的特定条件,提出了降落相机序列成像单应矫正的大场景高分辨率图像生成方法,在此基础上提出了基于图像匹配的着陆过程飞行器定位方法;针对着陆后就位探测所具备的位姿与场景约束信息,提出了应用单目成像的平面场景内目标测量;对远距离成像提出基于弱透视的目标距离与方位计算方法。这些方法已经应用在"嫦娥三号"任务着陆与就位探测中降落相机、监视相机、地形地貌相机等相机成像的处理,为探测过程提供了及时准确的测量信息。     

“嫦娥二号”卫星CCD立体相机的关键技术

文章介绍了中国两次绕月探测中 CCD 立体相机所采用的技术与创新,并与国际同类相机所获取的图像进行了比较;在此基础上详细介绍了“嫦娥二号”(CE-2)卫星CCD立体相机的综合创新集成技术--“单镜头两视角同轨立体成像、时间延迟积分图像传感器（TDICCD）推扫、速高比补偿”,并从工程目标与科学目标出发进行探测灵敏度及成像动态范围的需求分析;根据需求分析确定了总体技术方案,包括光、机、电的优化设计以及对月探测中首次采用TDICCD的技术困难与对策;特别讨论了速高比补偿的方案及实施途径,并进行了在轨试验验证。文章最后分别给出了虹湾地区成像分辨率为1.3m以及全月面分辨率为7m 的代表性图像,图像清晰、层次丰富,显示出中国在对月立体成像技术上取得了显著进步。     

国防科技工业局发布绕月探测工程全月球影像图

绕月探测工程嫦娥一号卫星自2007年10月24日发射至今，已完成一年的在轨运行和探测任务，共获取了1．37TB科学探测数据，顺利完成月球表面三维影像探测、月表化学元素与物质探测、月壤厚度探测和地月空间环境探测等4项科学任务。科研人员利用星载CCD立体相机获取的探测数据，制作完成了我国首幅全月球影像图（封底）。     

工程光学监测技术在火星探测中的应用

在深空探测活动中,利用工程光学监测技术可以对探测器的工程状态进行直观、有效地监测,辅助地面系统确认探测器状态。利用监测相机对地球、月球、火星、小行星等天体进行成像,可有效提升公众对任务的认知度和参与度。结合国际深空探测任务,文章对"火星快车"、"好奇号"等火星探测活动中的工程监测任务及相机进行了分析,并对以"嫦娥二号"卫星为代表的中国深空探测活动中的工程监测子系统进行了探讨。围绕中国首次火星探测任务,进行工程监测任务设计,利用固定安装式、可分离式两种监测相机实现各监测任务,并对监测效果进行分析。文章的工作可应用于中国首次火星探测任务。     

四大相机记录探月精彩瞬间

＂嫦娥二号＂作为我国探月工程二期的先导星,肩负着验证部分关键技术,降低后续工程风险的重任。为此,工程研制人员除了为＂嫦娥二号＂卫星配置了清晰度更高,性能更好的CCD立体相机外,还特意为＂嫦娥二号＂打造了一套＂全方位、多角度＂的监视相机系统,用以密切监视卫星在奔月及环月飞行期间,星上重要设备的工作情况,     

Development of a high-precision selenodetic coordinate system for the physical surface of the Moon based on LED beacons on its surface

The paper presents a mathematical algorithm for processing an array of angular measurements of light beacons on images of the lunar surface onboard a polar artificial lunar satellite (PALS) during the Luna–Glob mission and coordinate–time referencing of the PALS for the development of reference selenocentric coordinate systems. The algorithm makes it possible to obtain angular positions of point light beacons located on the surface of the Moon in selenocentric celestial coordinates. The operation of measurement systems that determine the position and orientation of the PALS during its active existence have been numerically simulated. Recommendations have been made for the optimal use of different types of measurements, including ground radio trajectory measurements, navigational star sensors based on the onboard star catalog, gyroscopic orientation systems, and space videos of the lunar surface.     

月面软着陆探测器地面力学试验方法研究

月面软着陆探测器的主要任务是携带有效载荷实现在月球表面的安全着陆,其经历的主要过程包括发射段、地月转移段、近月制动段、环月段、着陆段和月面工作段。软着陆探测器面临的月球环境比近地轨道卫星复杂得多。为提高软着陆探测器系统的可靠性,必须进行充分的地面试验,验证软着陆探测器的设计合理性。文章分析了月球软着陆探测器在各飞行过程中面临的力学环境,分析了力学环境对探测器系统的影响及作用效果,提出软着陆探测器需完成的地面力学试验项目,设计相应的试验方法,并给出确定试验量级的基本原则。     

Low cost planetary exploration: surrey lunar minisatellite and interplanetary platform missions

In order to meet the growing global requirement for affordable missions beyond Low Earth Orbit, two types of platform are under design at the Surrey Space Centre. The first platform is a derivative of Surrey's UoSAT-12 minisatellite, launched in April 1999 and operating successfully in-orbit. The minisatellite has been modified to accommodate a propulsion system capable of delivering up to 1700 m/s delta-V, enabling it to support a wide range of very low cost missions to LaGrange points, Near-Earth Objects, and the Moon. A mission to the Moon - dubbed “MoonShine” - is proposed as the first demonstration of the modified minisatellite beyond LEO. The second platform - Surrey's Interplanetary Platform - has been designed to support missions with delta-V requirements up to 3200 m/s, making it ideal for low cost missions to Mars and Venus, as well as Near Earth Objects (NEOs) and other interplanetary trajectories. Analysis has proved mission feasibility, identifying key challenges in both missions for developing cost-effective techniques for: spacecraft propulsion; navigation; autonomous operations; and a reliable safe mode strategy. To reduce mission risk, inherently failure resistant lunar and interplanetary trajectories are under study. In order to significantly reduce cost and increase reliability, both platforms can communicate with low-cost ground stations and exploit Surrey's experience in autonomous operations. The lunar minisatellite can provide up to 70 kg payload margin in lunar orbit for a total mission cost US$16–25 M. The interplanetary platform can deliver 20 kg of scientific payload to Mars or Venus orbit for a mission cost US$25–50 M. Together, the platforms will enable regular flight of payloads to the Moon and interplanetary space at unprecedented low cost. This paper outlines key systems engineering issues for the proposed Lunar Minisatellite and interplanetary Platform Missions, and describes the accommodation and performance offered to planetary payloads.     

多体回收小型返回舱

把有些航天器(如空间站和侦察卫星等)上的物品返回地面,有两种方法可选用:一种是搭载天地往返运输系统返回,另一种是利用航天器上设置的专用返回舱返回。TAURUS和FAST是德国在80年代末设想的两种多体回收小型返回舱。它们预先装在空间站的贮存库中,需要时即可携带待返物品离开空间站、再入大气层并返回地面。文中主要介绍TAURUS返回舱的运行程序及主要构件(有效载荷舱、弹射装置及辅助设施等)。     

Results of the parabolic flight tests of the rapunzel deployer

The tether assisted re-entry of small payloads is a highly interesting tool for space transportation especially for the return of small payloads from Space Station ISSA. The small tether mission Rapunzel was initiated in 1991 by the Institute of Astronautics, TU München and the Kayser-Threde Company, to design a low cost and feasible tether experiment for the verification of the tether assisted re-entry. Together with the Samara State Aerospace University, Russia, a mission concept on a Russian Resurs or Photon capsule was developed. Based on this mission a deployer has been designed, mainly based on technology of the textile industry, which insures high reliability at low cost. Recently a similar configuration is being discussed for the ESA-TSE mission.The main work during the recent time was the development and test of the breadboard model of the deployer system. After successfully completing initial ground tests with the deployer, further tests during the ESA Parabolic Flight campaign in November 1995 were conducted. After a short introduction of the overall mission scenario, the planned configuration in orbit, this paper will present the results of the microgravity test campaign onboard the KC-135 aircraft and compare them with the ground test. The deployer showed a good performance during all tests, including ejection of the end-mass, deployment, and braking. Problems that occurred during the tests will be discussed, and solutions for the detected flaws and the results of the redesign now in progress will be presented. These verifications have shown the feasibility of the concept and will lay the base for the planned development of the flight model of the deployer.     

小型星载红外相机的研制

随着现代航天技术的发展 ,传统卫星开始向质量轻、体积小、任务单一、成本低廉、研制周期短、风险小、能快速灵活发射的微小型卫星发展 ,相应的对有效载荷也提出了微小型化的要求。作为有效载荷的重要部分 ,红外相机的微小型化更是有效载荷小型化的重点和难点。文章对小型红外相机的发展方向进行了论述 ,对红外相机的各个组成部分的小型化发展作了详细的介绍。     

月面采样相机的热设计与热分析

月面采样相机安装于月球无人采样返回探测器的机械臂上,其质量小,热耗较大,长期工作在高温环境中,故温度水平成为影响相机能否正常工作的重要因素,须予以分析。文章根据相机工作模式和机械臂的姿态运动特性,构建出适应机械臂运动的热分析模型,提出几种实现相机高温散热的方法,通过对比分析,分别确定了基于OSR涂层和白漆的热控方案,并推演了散热窗口的临界模型,为后续器外设备热设计提供借鉴思路。     

天基监测空间碎片有效载荷效能评估方法研究

介绍了用于天基空间碎片监测的主要载荷,包括可见光监测相机、微波雷达和激光雷达。根据评价指标体系,按照评价指标设计的原则,设计出评价指标的体系结构,建立基于AHP（采用层次分析法）的综合指标评估模型。利用评估模型实现对三种监测载荷进行评价分析,选择出效能最优的有效载荷。为天基监测载荷评估提供科学依据与评估方法。     

月球着陆探测器任务分析研究

介绍月球着陆探测的任务特点,针对飞行过程、着陆过程、月夜生存、月面工作、月面特殊环境及其影响,以及着陆稳定性影响因素和地面试验验证等进行需求分析,可为月球探测器的设计提供参考和借鉴。     

月球无人采样返回任务概念设想

分析了无人月球采样任务,包括采样及封装方式分析,飞行过程选择与轨道初步方案,月面软着陆方式选择,月球轨道交会对接的需求,月面起飞上升的要点,地球大气高速再入返回器的外形选择等。在此基础上提出了三种不同的无人月球采样返回任务概念设想,并对其进行了简要比较和分析。