GH_2/GO_2涡流冷却透明燃烧室方案设计及试验研究

涡流冷却是一种新型的推力室冷却技术,采用该技术可以简化推力室结构、降低成本,并提高系统可靠性。本文在综合国外研究成果的基础上,对涡流冷却技术进行了理论分析,设计出推力室结构,采用石英玻璃加工燃烧室圆柱段部分,并用高速摄影仪记录了燃烧室内的火焰图像。研究表明,涡流冷却透明燃烧室方案是可行的,燃烧稳定段燃烧区域占燃烧室的55%～60%。     

导引头量测故障下的增量式三维制导律设计

考虑导引头量测故障下拦截机动目标的末制导问题,以提高制导系统的鲁棒性、降低制导增益、减小系统残差、避免视线角速率剧烈振荡/发散为目的,基于增量式控制方法设计了一种具有鲁棒增强特性的三维末制导律。首先,将末制导问题转化为零化视线角速率的控制问题。其次,通过弹目相对距离及视线角速率定义辅助变量,给出传统的滑模制导律作为设计参考。然后,基于增量式非线性动态逆滑模控制方法,充分挖掘视线角加速度估计信息及上一采样时刻的制导指令,得到增量式三维鲁棒制导律。最后,在目标机动及导引头量测故障下,分析并比较了两种制导律所产生的系统残差。理论分析及多工况仿真结果表明,增量式制导律不仅对目标机动及大范围失效的导引头量测故障具有强鲁棒性,而且所需制导增益也较小,同时避免了末端视线角速率严重发散的问题     

直升机机身、平尾、垂尾的气动干扰

运用面元法模拟直升机机身流场,计算前飞状态的ROBIN(rotor body interaction)模型孤立机身顶部中线的压力系数分布,并与参考数据、CFD计算结果对比,验证了本方法的准确性.采用离散涡系模拟平尾、垂尾和短翼等升力面,以带短翼的UH-60直升机为例,研究了升力面参数变化对机身、平尾、垂尾气动干扰的影响.结果表明:改变升力面的安装角显著改变了气流对其周围的绕流情况,在参数中影响最大;平尾参数尤其是安装角会对垂尾和短翼的压力系数产生较大影响;减小垂尾展长和增大短翼安装角会提升各自的压力系数.     

周向平均方法在某风扇/增压级分析中的应用简

 通过对三维（3D）Navier-Stokes方程进行周向平均,得到了通流模型的控制方程,对其采用时间推进有限体积方法进行数值求解。为实现风扇/增压级在设计初期的快速性能评估,考察了周向平均方法在风扇/增压级分析中的准确性。分别利用NUMECA三维数值模拟软件和周向平均通流模型（CAM）对某高通流风扇/增压级进行了性能分析,从对比结果来看,周向平均通流模型在近设计点给出了与三维数值模拟十分接近的特性参数,最大误差不超过2.0%。在风扇转子中,由于周向平均通流模型能捕获通道激波,其物理本质与三维平均结果有所区别,因此径向参数分布与三维有所差异。而在亚声速流动下的增压级及外涵道各叶片排出口参数的径向分布与三维数值模拟结果都能很好地吻合。     

气膜孔内局部堵塞对气膜冷却特性的影响

在吹风比为0.3~1.5,堵塞比为0.1~0.5范围内,对平板上单排倾斜气膜孔内局部堵塞所引起的冷气射流流动和冷却特性变化进行了数值研究,分析了堵塞比、堵塞位置和吹风比对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响.在研究参数范围内的研究结果表明:气膜孔出口端前缘的局部堵塞有利于抑制肾形涡,对气膜孔下游的绝热气膜冷却效率有改善作用,并且随着堵塞比和吹风比的增加,对冷却效果的改善越为明显.而在气膜孔出口端尾缘或侧边的堵塞则在较大的堵塞比下削弱气膜冷却效果.相对于气膜孔出气端的局部堵塞,在气膜孔进气端和中部的堵塞对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响要微弱得多.     

非均匀入口与化学非平衡效应对尾喷管性能的影响研究

基于煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机尾喷管,对均匀入口和非均匀入口、冻结流动模型和化学非平衡模型下的尾喷管内流动进行数值模拟,采用两方程RNG k-ε湍流模型对三维NS方程组进行求解,获得非均匀入口与化学非平衡效应对尾喷管性能的影响。计算结果表明,尾喷管内流动非均匀性由尾喷管非对称膨胀和燃烧室出口非均匀等因素构成,尾喷管入口流动参数非均匀分布对尾喷管推力、升力及俯仰力矩均有影响,算例中非均匀入口使得尾喷管净推力相对于均匀入口增加了1.2%左右;尾喷管性能受化学非平衡效应的影响,非平衡流动模型下的其净推力计算结果相对于冻结流动模型增加3%~4%。     

A strategic flight conflict avoidance approach based on a memetic algorithm

Conflict avoidance （CA） plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The cur- rent approaches, mostly focusing on a short-term situation which eliminates conflicts via local adjust- ment, cannot provide a global solution. Recently, long-term conflict avoidance approaches, which are proposed to provide solutions via strategically planning traffic flow from a global view, have attracted more attentions. With consideration of the situation in China, there are thousands of flights per day and the air route network is large and complex, which makes the long-term problem to be a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints. To minimize the risk of premature convergence being faced by current approaches and obtain higher quality solutions, in this work, we present an effective strategic framework based on a memetic algorithm （MA）, which can markedly improve search capability via a combination of population-based global search and local improve- ments made by individuals. In addition, a specially designed local search operator and an adaptive local search frequency strategy are proposed to improve the solution quality. Furthermore, a fast genetic algorithm （GA） is presented as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real traffic data of the Chinese air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outper- formed the existing approaches including the GA .based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach as well as some well-known memetic algorithm based approaches.     

吊挂系统对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能影响

为了明确短舱中吊挂系统的堵塞效应对波瓣混合排气系统气动热力性能的影响,采用数值模拟的方法对包含吊挂的混合排气系统进行了定量研究。研究结果表明,受吊挂系统的影响,在波瓣混合排气系统混合段内,存在着一大尺度的回流区,其作用范围随吊挂长度的增加而增加。在性能参数方面,与未考虑吊挂系统时相比,考虑吊挂之后,虽然混合排气系统出口处热混合效率以及推力系数下降很小,最大降幅仅分别为0.017和0.01,但总压恢复系数却显著下降,最大降幅达到了0.03。此外,随着吊挂系统长度的变化,排气系统出口处的热混合效率、总压恢复系数以及推力系数变化幅度小于0.01,变化很小。     

Gray bootstrap method for estimating frequency-varying random vibration signals with small samples

During environment testing, the estimation of random vibration signals （RVS） is an important technique for the airborne platform safety and reliability. However, the available meth- ods including extreme value envelope method （EVEM）, statistical tolerances method （STM） and improved statistical tolerance method （ISTM） require large samples and typical probability distri- bution. Moreover, the frequency-varying characteristic of RVS is usually not taken into account. Gray bootstrap method （GBM） is proposed to solve the problem of estimating frequency-varying RVS with small samples. Firstly, the estimated indexes are obtained including the estimated inter- val, the estimated uncertainty, the estimated value, the estimated error and estimated reliability. In addition, GBM is applied to estimating the single flight testing of certain aircraft. At last, in order to evaluate the estimated performance, GBM is compared with bootstrap method （BM） and gray method （GM） in testing analysis. The result shows that GBM has superiority for estimating dynamic signals with small samples and estimated reliability is proved to be 100% at the given confidence level.     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.