Monitoring the thermal condition of permanent-magnet synchronousmotors

This paper describes a novel approach to monitoring the condition of small permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) operating under thermal stress. The approach begins with the estimation of temperature-dependent motor parameters from measurements of line voltages and currents. The parameters are then used to derive estimates of motor temperatures. Next, the electrically estimated temperatures are combined with a surface measurement of motor temperature and a dynamic thermal model of the motor to yield an observer that is a Kalman filter. The temperatures estimated by the observer are used for failure prevention. Finally, by modifying the observer, it is tuned to use the geometric properties of its innovation for failure detection. The innovation, that is, the difference between the thermally and electrically estimated temperatures, is monitored and compared against appropriate thresholds to detect failures. Failure detection is demonstrated experimentally, and shown to be capable of distinguishing the conditions of normal operation, and operation with obstructed cooling     

基于正弦基础激励的航天器结构模型修正方法

正弦振动试验是航天器系统级和单机产品需要开展的常规试验,充分利用工程中积累的正弦试验数据进行结构模型修正具有重要的工程意义。文章首先介绍了基础激励下结构模型修正方法,通过矩阵分块、待修正参数归一化、参与修正的频率点选择等步骤,推导出基于基础激励的模型修正公式;然后对国际通用算例GARTEUR桁架结构的有限元模型进行修正,分析修正后模型在修正频段内和修正频段外计算所得模态频率,验证修正后模型对模态频率的复现和预示能力,通过对比试验模型、分析模型和修正后模型中4个典型节点的响应曲线,检验修正后模型精度。结果表明:修正后模型的模态频率和响应曲线均与试验模型趋于一致,证实了该修正方法对GARTEUR结构修正的有效性。     

飞机液压系统动态油温计算方法优化

分析了动态油温计算方法的不足,将此方法中的液压油箱计算模型加以优化得到改进的动态油温计算方法,基于功率损失法给出了飞机液压系统中四种典型液压附件的温度计算方程。以某航空液压泵地面试验系统为计算实例,将改进方法计算的结果与试验结果、改进前方法的计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明改进的动态油温计算方法相比改进前的方法具有更高的准确度。     

用Kane方法建立末敏弹减速和稳态扫描段模型

引入多刚体运动模型，详细分析了伞刚体和弹刚体的受力和运动特性，运用Kane方法建立末敏弹在减速运动和稳态扫描段的完整运动模型，并进行数字仿真，仿真结果与实验结果有很好的一致性，并充分显示了该模型在数字仿真中的优越性。     

V.L.A. observations of flare build-up in coronal loops

Very Large Array (V.L.A.) measurements at 20 cm wavelength map emission from coronal loops with second-of-arc angular resolution at time intervals as short as 3.3 seconds. The total intensity of the 20 cm emission describes the evolution and structure of the hot plasma that is detected by satellite X-ray observations of coronal loops. The circular polarization of the 20 cm emission describes the evolution, strength and structure of the coronal magnetic field. Preburst heating and magnetic changes that precede burst emission on time scales of between 1 and 30 minutes are discussed. Simultaneous 20 cm and soft X-ray observations indicate an electron temperature $\text{T}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\textcolor{red}{}\text{2.5 × 10}{}^7\text{K}$ and electron density $\text{N}{}_{\mathrm{e}}\textcolor{red}{}\text{10}{}^{10}\text{cm}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}$ during preburst heating in a coronal loop that was also associated with twisting of the entire loop in space. We also discuss the successive triggering of bursts from adjacent coronal loops; highly polarized emission from the legs of loops with large intensity changes over a 32 MHz change in observing frequency; and apparent motions of hot plasma within coronal loops at velocities V > 2,000 kilometerspersecond.     

Multiple wavelength observations of flaring active regions

We present observations of flaring active regions with the Very Large Array (V.L.A. at 6 cm and 20 cm wavelengths) and the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (W.S.R.T. at 6 cm wavelength). These are compared with photospheric magnetograms (Meudon) and with Hα and offband Hα photographs (Big Bear and Ottawa River Solar Observatories). The 6 cm radiation of these active regions marks the legs of dipolar loops which have their footpoints in lower-lying sunspots. The intense, million degree radiation at 6 cm lies above sunspot umbrae in coronal regions where the longitudinal magnetic field strength H_? = 600 Gauss and the height above the sunspot umbrae h = 3.5±0.5 × 10⁹ cm. Circularly polarized horseshoe structures at 6 cm ring the sunspot umbrae. The high degree of circular polarization (?_c = 95%) of the horseshoes is attributed to gyroresonant emission above sunspot^? penumbrae. The 20 cm radiation of these active regions exhibits looplike coronal structures which extend across regions of opposite magnetic polarity in the underlying photosphere. The 20 cm loops are the radio wavelength counterparts of the X-ray coronal loops. We infer semilengths L = 5 × 10⁹ cm, maximum electron temperatures T_e(max) = 3 × 10⁶ K, emission measures ∫N_e²d$\text{l}$ = 10²⁸ cm^?5, and electron densities N_e = 10⁹ cm^?3 (or pressures p = 1 dyn cm^?2) for the 20 cm bremsstrahlung. A total of eight solar bursts were observed at 6 cm or 20 cm wavelength with second-of-arc angular resolution. The regions of burst energy were all resolved with angular sizes between 5″ and 30″, brightness temperatures between 2 × 10⁷ K and 2 × 10⁸ K, and degrees of circular polarization between 10% and 90%. The impulsive phase of the radio bursts are located near the magnetic neutral lines of the active regions, and between the flaring Hα kernels which mark the footpoints of magnetic loops. In one case there was preburst heating in the coronal loop in which a burst occurred. Snapshot maps at 10 s intervals reveal interesting burst evolution including rapid changes of circular polarization and an impulsive burst which was physically separated from both the preburst radio emission and the gradual decay phase of the burst.     

猎鹰9火箭Block5构型首次飞行任务解析

美国太空探索技术公司于2018年5月完成猎鹰9Block5构型火箭的首次飞行任务,研究猎鹰9Block5构型火箭的总体方案,以及为更好地实现重复使用所采取的动力系统升级、箭体结构优化和其他改进措施,回顾了猎鹰9火箭3次主要构型升级的改进方案和衍化路线,分析了此构型火箭首飞对世界航天发展的影响,提出了未来商业航天运输系统的发展建议。     

存储系统中两级纠错编码方案设计与验证

针对恶劣空间环境设计了一种两级存储编码方案，以应对航天系统中存储单元发生多个单粒子翻转（SEU）错误的问题。方案设计的主要思想是根据简单低纠错编码组合出高容错编码，通过编码组合，使用字间编码来纠正字内编码无法纠正的错误，从而使存储系统更加可靠；对两级编码方案提出若干优化策略，以提高编解码性能，使得两级冗余编码效率接近于原始字内编码。实验结果表明，提出的两级冗余编码方案能够较好解决存储系统中发生多个单粒子翻转错误的问题。即与单一的字内编码相比，两级纠错编码方案能够大大降低星上存储系统出现不可修复的概率，保证了星上存储系统的可靠运行。     

基于GaN HEMT和平面变压器的高效率谐振DC/DC变换器

为了提高航天领域高压直流母线DC/DC变换器的效率性能和功率密度,基于氮化镓器件和谐振变换器拓扑,研究矩阵变压器和平面磁元件的优化方法,提出了一种包含等效半匝绕组的变压器绕组结构,实现了多个并联副边绕组间以及多个并联整流器件间的均流,降低了损耗,提高了低压大电流输出时的效率。此外,还研究了模块的并联均流方法,搭建了270 V转28 V、1.2 kW输出的模块单体样机和2.4 kW的多模块并联样机,验证了所提出方法的可行性。