猎鹰9号火箭发射及箭体复用的分析

猎鹰9号火箭截至2023年年底已完成286次发射。对猎鹰9号火箭特别是Block5版本火箭的发射情况进行了完整梳理统计,重点分析了一级箭体的复用情况以及发射、回收的相关能力保障,对火箭的经济性和未来前景作了预测。     

“猎鹰”9发通信卫星,船上着陆再败

正太空探索技术公司的"猎鹰"9FT型运载火箭3月4日在卡纳维拉尔角空军站发射了卢森堡欧洲卫星公司(SES)的SES一9通信卫星。这次发射还再次进行了火箭第一级海上平台着陆尝试,但依然未能取得成功。这是"猎鹰"9火箭自2015年6月底发射失败后的第三次发射,也是"猎鹰"9FT型火箭第二次发射和首次执行静地转移轨道发射任务。"猎鹰"9FT是"猎鹰"9~1.1型的全推力(FT)升级型号,外界也称之为"猎鹰"9-1.2型。该型号的主要改进包括提高发动机推力、加长二级贮箱和推进剂深冷增稠等。该型火箭于2015年12月21日成功首飞,执行了"猎鹰"9上次失败后的首次复飞任务,     

国际

SpaceX公司首次发射新型“猎鹰”9火箭 据中国载人航天工程网10月9日报道,美国SpaceX公司研发的新一代“猎鹰”9火箭——“猎鹰”9v1．1于9月29日16时。从范登堡空军基地发射升空,成功将加拿大航天局的商业卫星cassiope以及6个小型有效载荷送入预定轨道。     

美国私营航天运输系统企业创新解析

正近年来,美国私营航天运输系统企业发展迅速,新概念、新技术层出不穷,尤其取得了以太空探索技术公司实现"猎鹰"9火箭一子级箭体垂直降落自主可控回收为代表的一系列重大进步。本文综合分析美国从事航天运输系统研究的企业近些年在技术创新、概念创新、集成创新方面的案例并对其进行解析,从而寻找对中国航天创新发展的启示意义。一、创新案例1.太空探索技术公司及"猎鹰"9火箭2016年4月9日,美国太空探索技术公司的     

发射短讯

<正>Space X公司首次发射新型猎鹰-9火箭据中国载人航天工程网2013年10月9日报道,格林尼治时间9月29日16时,美国空间探索技术(Space X)公司研发的新一代"猎鹰"火箭从范登堡空军基地发射升空,成功将加拿大航天局的商业卫星Cassiope以及6个小型有效载荷送入预定轨道。此次发射不仅为Space X公司拓宽商业航天发     

“质子”火箭发射费用要向“猎鹰”9看齐

<正>俄罗斯航天国家集团(俄航)总经理罗戈津2019年3月25日称,"质子"M火箭的发射费用将降至同美国太空探索技术(SpaceX)公司"猎鹰"9火箭相当的水平。他说,俄航已采取措施来压缩地基航天基础设施中心的某些支出,也就是要节省发射准备费用,从而降低"质子"的发射服务费用,使之与"猎鹰"9的价位大体相当。他说:"我们将恢复‘质子’M火箭同'猎鹰'的竞争力。""质子"M是由     

美国航天商业运输发展之路述评

美国航天商业运输模式在2013年取得了重要进展."猎鹰"9火箭完成第5次飞行,正式执行向国际空间站运输货物的任务;"安塔瑞斯" (又称"心宿二"——编注)火箭4月21日首飞成功,成为美国航天商业运输的又一个里程碑.本文从美国航天商业运输发展的背景出发,介绍了美国商业运输项目实施情况及近期进展,并分析了其发展前景及对我国的启示.     

发射短讯

<正>Space X公司发射带有着陆支架的猎鹰-9火箭据美国今日航天网2014年2月25日报道,美国空间探索技术公司(Space X)正在为其猎鹰-9火箭安装着陆支架,并准备于3月16日利用该型火箭发射"龙"飞船执行"国际空间站"货运任务。不过有消息称,虽然安装了着陆支架,但此次发射火箭第一级不需要利用着陆支架着陆,火箭仍在海面降落,目     

“猎鹰重型”火箭计划出炉

4月5日,美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）网站公布了最新的重型运载火箭计划,指出了“猎鹰重型”火箭与“猎鹰”9火箭的不同。     

“猎鹰”9火箭进行首次商业发射

美国太空探索技术公司的“猎鹰”9-1．1型运载火箭2013年12月3日在卡纳维拉尔角空军站发射了卢森堡欧洲卫星公司（SES）的SES-8商业通信卫星。这是“猎鹰”9火箭首次用来发射静地轨道商业通信卫星,标志着太空探索公司正式进入了商业航天发射市场,     

新一代低温液体中型运载火箭（英文）

The maiden flight of LM-8 performed perfectly on December 22, 2020. The design concept of modularization, seriation and combination has been perfectly exhibited in LM-8. The four main technical innovations, including rapid integrated design based on modularization, engine thrust regulation, modal parameters acquisition technology based on numerical simulation, and flight load control, were verified during the maiden flight. LM-8 is now positioned to be the main force in China's medium launch vehicles for commercial launch. In the future, the mission adaptability of LM-8 will be improved to provide efficient and low-cost launch services. In addition, new technologies to allow repeated use and autonomous flight will be validated.     

Technical Feature Analysis of the LM-5 Overall Plan

The Long March 5(LM-5) launch vehicle is China's new generation heavy-lift rocket with the largest payload capacity,representing the highest standard of China's current launchers.It took 10 years to develop the LM-5 launch vehicle.On November 3,2016,the LM-5 carrier rocket blasted off from the Wenchang satellite launch center on Hainan Island,achieving a successful maiden flight.During the development of the LM-5 rocket,the engineering team accumulated abundant experience on developing heavy-lift cryogenic rockets and established a thorough research and development system for new generation launch vehicles,which significantly raised the ability for launcher RD.     

我国新一代中型高轨运载火箭发展研究

新一代火箭CZ-5、CZ-6和CZ-7陆续首飞成功,拉开了我国运载火箭更新换代的序幕。新一代中型运载火箭CZ-7于2016年6月和2017年4月圆满完成了两次飞行任务,为中型运载火箭的研制奠定了坚实的基础。在CZ-7火箭基础上,增加CZ-3A氢氧三子级,在海南文昌发射GTO轨道卫星,运载能力不低于7.0t,可快速形成更新换代能力,填补我国GTO轨道该吨位的运载能力的空白。为了进一步提升我国运载火箭的竞争力,对标国际先进水平,针对新一代中型高轨运载火箭开展构型优化研究,以提高火箭性能,降低火箭成本,提升火箭的使用维护性能,满足后续GTO发射任务需求。     

Maiden Flight of Long March 7——The New Generation Medium Launch Vehicle in China

On June 25, 2016, the Long March 7(LM-7) launch vehicle completed its maiden flight successfully. LM-7, as a new generation of medium and basic launch vehicle based on the design concepts of non-toxic and nonpolluting, was developed for the purpose of launching a cargo spacecraft to the Chinese space station. Based on the experience on launching cargo spacecraft and satellites, LM-7 can be adapted for mainstream satellite launch missions in the future with its characteristics of serialization and continuous optimization. LM-7 is expected to be used to launch manned spacecraft in the future. This paper presents a general review of LM-7 with regard to the general scheme and provides references for the development prospects of a medium launch vehicle series in China.     

基于卡片模型的系统工程在捷龙一号的应用研究（英文）

Rapid development of Chinese commercial launch vehicles brings new challenges under the traditional systems engineering(TSE) working method. A new model-based systems engineering(MBSE) working method was proposed for Smart Dragon 1(SD-1), which is a low-cost commercial launch vehicle developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT). Based on the characteristics of a commercial launch vehicle, the system model based on information cards was established. Through a problem-oriented working method, risk identification and management, the process of Card-MBSE was utilized and verified by the success of the maiden flight of SD-1. This paper introduces a new method and reference for the development of low-cost and high-reliability launch vehicles.     

捷龙一号首飞（英文）

The Smart Dragon 1(SD-1) launch vehicle is the first commercial rocket developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT), targeting to the international launch market for small satellites. As the smallest launch vehicle in China at present, SD-1 is one of the most efficient solid boost rockets nationwide in terms of launch capacity. Compared with current domestic rockets, it provides remarkable access to space with a faster response, higher orbit-injection accuracy and better payload accommodation at a lower cost. On August 17, 2019, SD-1 completed its maiden flight and delivered three satellites into the desired Sun Synchronous Orbit(SSO) of 550 km accurately. In this article, a technical review of SD-1 is presented detailing the design concept and the use of state of the art technology throughout its development.     

运载火箭捷联惯组全自主对准技术应用研究

我国运载火箭发射前通常通过光学瞄准确定初始方位角,采用捷联惯组自对准解算获取水平姿态角。以可实现简易、快速发射的新型火箭为背景,在发射场阵风等干扰引起箭体低频微幅晃动的环境下,研究了捷联惯组自主对准技术。分析了运载火箭全自主对准的特点,利用以惯性系为参考基准的解析对准法和卡尔曼滤波精对准方法,对高精度全自主对准技术和其在运载火箭上的应用展开了详细论述。开展了全自主对准试验验证,结合新一代运载火箭首飞数据进行了分析。结果表明:捷联惯组全自主对准技术可替代复杂的光学瞄准系统,实现运载火箭发射前初始姿态的确定。     

LM-11SL:A Sea-Launched Carrier Rocket for Small Satellites and Its Launch Service

Following the successful maiden flight of the Long March 11(LM-11) launch vehicle from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in September 2015, the first sea-launched carrier rocket dedicated to provide a launch service for small satellites and their constellations, the Long March 11 Sea Launch(LM-11 SL) has been under development by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology(CALT) and the China Great Wall Industry Corporation(CGWIC). It is planned to commence launch service in 2018. Based on the LM-11, a land-launched four-staged solid launch vehicle which has entered the market and accomplished launch missions for several small satellites in the past 3 years, the newly adopted sea launch technology enables transport and launch of LM-11 SL from maritime ships, providing flexible launch location selection.After inheriting the mature launch vehicle technologies from previous members of the Long March launch vehicle family and adopting a new way of launching from the sea, the LM-11 SL is capable of sending payloads into low Earth orbits with all altitudes and inclinations, from 200 km to 1000 km, from equatorial to sun synchronous, within a shortduration launch campaign. The LM-11 SL provides a flexible, reliable and economical launch service for the global small satellite industry.     

垂直起降可重复使用运载器发展现状与关键技术分析

重复使用运载技术是降低单次发射成本、提高发射密度和减少残骸危害的有效手段,随着以Falcon 9系列为代表的垂直起降运载器的成功回收与重复使用,其在商业航天发射市场表现出了较强的竞争力,掀起了可重复使用运载器的研究新热潮。首先梳理了垂直起降可重复使用运载器的发展现状,然后结合垂直起降运载的任务特征分析了其关键技术,最后总结了垂直起降运载器的发展趋势。     

基于数值仿真的全箭动特性获取技术（英文）

LM-8 was China's first launch vehicle which designed its dynamic characteristics without carrying out a fullscale modal test, and then in the absence of test data to establish the dynamic model. The issue was, how to accurately obtain the mode data of LM-8 with numerical simulations which directly affects the control reliability of flight. In this paper, various approaches to obtain the dynamic characteristics of LM-8 are described from the perspective of refined dynamic modeling and simulating, mode slope prediction, vertical modal test, etc. The numerical simulations were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, and satisfied the requirements for the engineering application, which effectively supported the successful maiden flight mission of LM-8.