单层板撞击成坑声发射辨识及参数估计研究

空间碎片撞击航天器的威胁对发展在轨感知系统提出需求,为研制基于声发射技术的感知系统,有必要研究利用声发射波形分析对防护结构进行损伤模式辨识的方法。文章利用超声传感器进行了铝弹丸超高速撞击单层板的声发射信号采集实验及其数值仿真,并对波形在时域和频域内进行分析,结果表明:声发射波形的主波谷值随撞击速度增加而线性增加,直到防护结构被击穿;声发射波形中的高频分量与低频分量幅值之比存在一个区别成坑模式与击穿模式的阈值。基于上述结果提出了一种在撞击弹丸尺寸已知条件下辨识成坑模式并对其撞击速度及其弹坑尺寸进行估计的方案。     

失重因素对航天员体温调节影响的分析

系统地总结了实际载人航天及地面模拟中失重因素引起的航天员生理性体温调节功能变化的种种现象和内在联系。指出在失重环境下 ,自然对流消失 ,血液重新分布 ,排尿性失水增加 ,血浆容积变小 ,心血管系统功能下降 ,最大氧摄入量降低 ,这些都可导致体温调节能力受损 ,最终使航天员的高温耐力明显下降。文章同时指出 ,在体温调节系统中 ,行为性调节是生理性调节的补充和延伸 ,前者只有通过后者才能发挥作用 ,因此 ,在航天器座舱温控系统及航天服通风 -液冷系统的设计中 ,应充分考虑失重因素的影响。     

推进剂加注后末修贮箱压力变化机理

利用推进剂加注前、后及发动机待机过程中末修贮箱的温度、压力参数,结合国外资料给出的15℃时N2O4推进剂中氮气溶解度曲线,确定了加注过程中的氮气溶解量,给出了氮气分压初值,用迭代方法计算出推进剂贮箱在任一温度下的压力,为判断贮箱泄漏提供了有效手段.     

Space debris cumulative flux considering the Interval Distance-based method

The availability of engineering models to estimate the risk from space debris is essential for space missions. According to current research, cumulative flux calculation is mostly carried out based on the equal-width interval discretization. The method discretizes the volume around the Earth into cells defined in earth centered inertial coordinates. The resulting debris flux onto a target object is shown to depend on the chosen size of the cells. To avoid a discretization error, this must be accounted for. In order to present reliable flux predictions for space mission, the algorithm improvement is an ongoing topic for the related research field. The aim of this study was to examine the discretization error during the cumulative flux determination process. Both the effect of interval step length and the orbital boundary are under investigation. Several typical orbits are selected as examples here and the 2018/01/03 TLE (Two Line Element) data published by the US Space Surveillance Network is used as the debris background in this paper. Furthermore, the Interval Distance-Based method for Discretization (IDD) is adopted in this paper. A position-centered flux determination method is introduced based on the IDD method. According to the example analysis, the IDD used in the flux calculation process provides results which are less affected by the interval step-size setup; and the orbital boundary has no effect on the calculation process. In other words, the discretization error is significantly reduced. The position-centered method provided a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment models.     

基于抗差估计改进的GNSS/INS组合导航完好性监测方法

在卫星/惯性(GNSS/INS)组合导航系统中,针对基于残差检测的完好性监测算法对于缓变误差检测效果不佳,以及自主完好性监测外推(AIME)法存在检测时延的缺陷,提出了一种基于抗差估计改进的完好性监测方法.该方法在AIME法的基础上,通过定义标准化残差,引入三段权函数抗差估计对AIME法进行改进,并设计了一种调节准则,实现在不同情况下采用不同的检测方式.最后通过搭建仿真平台对所提方法进行验证,仿真结果表明,该方法可有效降低组合导航系统完好性监测的误警率和告警时间,提高卡尔曼滤波估计精度和组合导航系统对缓变误差的检测性能.     

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.     

21世纪PCBN刀具的发展与展望

20世纪前半期,硬质合金的出现代替了1/2的高速钢,使机械加工领域面目一新;21世纪,PCBN刀具必将有很大的发展,前景应用不可限量,一旦攻克技术关键,即使替代一部分(比如1/5～1/4)硬质合金刀具和陶瓷刀具,也将会出现相当惊人的革命性变化.     

跨声速三角翼旋涡破裂过程的数值模拟

本文利用张涵信提出的时，空二阶精度的隐式混合通量分裂的ＮＮＤ格式，通过求解非定常ＮＳ方程模拟了马赫数Ｍ为０．８、迎角α为２１．８°时某外形三角翼背风区旋涡破裂的发展，演变过程，并对旋涡区域的截面流态和涡轴上奇点附近的空间流动特征进行了分析。