无人自转旋翼机建模与控制方法研究

以500kg级无人自转旋翼机为研究对象,研究了样例无人旋翼机的建模和自动飞行控制技术.首先,基于解析形式叶素积分法给出自转旋翼机的建模方法,并给出了样例旋翼无人机的数学模型;然后,设计了无人旋翼机的俯仰和滚转控制律,并在此基础上设计了速度、高度及侧偏控制律.最后,通过飞行试验验证了模型的准确性及控制律的有效性.     

Study of ionospheric D region changes during solar flares using MF radar measurements

During solar flares, the X-ray radiation suddenly increases, resulting in an increase in the electron density of the atmospheric D region and a strong absorption of short-wave radio waves. Based on Langfang medium frequency (MF) radar, this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of D region in the lower ionosphere from 62 km to 82 km. The analysis focused on multiple C-level and M-level solar flare events before and after the large-scale flare event at 11:53 (UT) on September 6, 2017. The results show that it is difficult to detect the electron density over 70 km in Langfang during solar flares, but the electron density value can be obtained as low as 62 km, and the stronger the flare intensity, the lower the detectable electron density height. Besides, the equal electron density height, the received power of X and O waves will also be significantly reduced during the flares, and the reduction of equal electron density height has a weak linear relationship with flare intensity.     

超细CL‑20的可控批量制备及降感技术

为了批量制备低感度超细六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20),用作固体推进剂的高能添加剂,以氧化锆球(0.8 mm或0.3 mm)为研磨介质,采用HLG-05型粉碎设备制备了两种超细类球形CL-20。用激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱(Raman)对CL-20样品进行了相应的表征;用差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了样品的热分解性能;测试了样品的撞击、摩擦和静电火花感度。结果表明:制备的微米级和亚微米级CL-20平均粒径分别为3.43μm和320 nm,表面光滑,类球形;其晶型不变,无质杂峰;超细CL-20的分解峰温稍有下降,活化能降低,其静电火花感度略有提高,但撞击感度分别降低了24.6%和108.4%,摩擦感度下降了8%和20%;机械感度降低效果明显,在高能固体推进剂中有较大的应用前景。     

Ground experiments of Chang’e-5 lunar regolith penetrating radar

The Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar (LRPR) is an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) array-based Ground penetrating radar (GPR) onboard the lander of Chang’e-5 (CE-5) mission. The primary scientific objectives of the LRPR are to probe the thickness and structure of lunar regolith of the landing site, and support the drilling and sampling process. In order to evaluate the performance of the LRPR, a series of ground experiments are performed using the LRPR prototype mounted on a CE-5 lander model. The performance of the LRPR is evaluated by comparing the experimental data with the simulated data. Data processing and imaging method are verified, and the interferences from the lander and other aspects are analyzed. The results of the ground experiments and simulation demonstrate that the LRPR is able to meet the design requirement of 2-m detection depth. They also indicate that the upper and lower interfaces of the stratified structure in the lunar regolith can be well distinguished by the LRPR when the dielectric constant difference is greater than 0.3, and the imaging effect of the location under the dense antennas is better than that of other positions. However, the identification capability of the LRPR to the independent blocky objects is relatively poor mainly due to the clutters caused by the lander, the sparsity of the antenna elements compared to the size of the basalt block, the limited aperture of the antenna array, and the tail of the transmitted waveform.     

三轴光纤陀螺动态性能测试软件平台设计

本文利用LabVIEW软件所设计的三轴光纤陀螺的动态性能测试软件平台可以完成对转台的姿态控制,实现对转台速度角度的设置;同时完成对运动模拟转台及三轴光纤陀螺的参数采集、存储、处理。通过相关数据处理,实现对相关测试数据及评估结果的直观显示。     

微纳聚合体卫星的对称式重构规划算法

为解决微纳聚合体卫星变构过程中，聚合体各部分之间的动力学耦合导致的卫星整体姿态翻转或紊乱，提出了一种对称式变构规划算法。首先建立了铰链约束下的漂浮基多刚体系统动力学模型，研究了重构过程中各运动模块对本体姿态的影响，提出当每两个运动模块位置与转动方向满足对称性条件时，两者对本体姿态的影响可在一定程度上相互抵消。基于上述理论，在A*算法中引入最优分配度量和对称性判定，设计了并行对称重构规划算法。仿真结果表明，该规划算法可实现重构过程中多模块并行、对称运动，重构过程总步数较少，运动模块对本体姿态的影响小。     

基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制系统设计

直/气复合控制导弹具有强干扰、强非线性以及强耦合等特点，传统的姿态控制器难以适用于该种复杂干扰并存的情况，文章提出了基于双环滑模控制的直/气复合控制器。首先采用有限时间收敛趋近律分别构造内外环滑模控制器，并将角速度回路的滑模变量量化为直接力指令，以解决空气舵与姿控发动机之间的耦合问题。接着使用非线性扩张状态观测器估计综合干扰，从而设计控制器补偿侧向喷流干扰及模型不确定性等综合干扰的影响。然后基于李雅普诺夫方法证明了控制系统闭环稳定，分析了干扰补偿对控制器收敛域的影响。最后仿真结果表明，该方法跟踪速度快，动态过程平稳，具有较强的干扰抑制能力，具有很强的鲁棒性。     

燃烧室头部激励的等离子体强化燃烧特性实验研究

等离子体助燃是一种新型的强化燃烧技术，近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文开创性地研制了基于旋转滑动弧等离子体的强化燃烧头部，建立了某型航空发动机三头部燃烧室实验件的等离子体助燃实验平台，验证了该等离子体强化燃烧技术应用于型号发动机燃烧室的可行性。实验研究等离子体助燃在不同余气系数和不同输入电压条件下对平均出口温度、燃烧效率、温度分布系数以及熄火边界的影响。实验结果表明，与正常燃烧相比，施加等离子体助燃后的燃烧效率有明显的提高，在输入电压为U0=240V，余气系数为 α=0.8时，等离子体助燃的燃烧效率提高3.24%。实施等离子体助燃后，燃烧室出口温度分布场分布得到明显的改善，在富油工况α=0.8，出口温度分布系数减少39.8%。等离子体助燃输入电压越高熄火边界扩展程度越明显，相比于正常工况条件下，等离子体助燃U0=240V的熄火边界扩宽了7.34%。     

逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法

针对现有地外天体软着陆安全着陆点选择方法的不足,设计了逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法,结合着陆器的落点精度和自主避障及地形坡度适应能力,建立了基于平整点、安全着陆点、可靠避障点和标称着陆点的地形安全性分析与定量搜索模型,该模型呈四层逆金字塔结构,每一层搜索的结果作为下一层搜索的输入,从弱约束到强约束逐步收敛至100%地形安全着陆区,嫦娥五号探测器飞行结果表明该方法能够快速确定安全着陆区及标称着陆点,并有效指导着陆下降过程的标称航迹设计和轨道控制策略制定。