关于设计保证系统适航独立核查的思考

民用飞机主制造商建立设计保证系统，旨在民机研制过程中充分发挥自主适航的能力，通过组织机构、职责、程序和资源落实设计、适航以及独立监督三大职能，以保证航空产品的设计或者设计更改满足适航当局的要求。其中，设计保证系统适航职能的适航独立核查功能正是这一保证的关键。基于对设计保证系统适航独立核查功能的具体分析基础上，从设计保证系统的规划与设计层面提出了实现适航独立核查功能的机制，给出了机制中需明确的责任主体、职责与资质要求、工作流程与支撑工具以及管理程序等方面的建议，并从大数据知识的技术支撑和阶梯式递进的人才培训保障两方面以不断优化改进的方法工具与人力配置来深化适航独立核查的功能与效果，进而增强设计保证系统对飞机型号研制的保证作用。     

高效相变蓄热装置结构设计及试验研究

文章针对某飞行器舱内大功率设备控温需求,提出了相变蓄热技术解决方案,建立了平板式肋片强化相变蓄热装置物理模型,根据大功率伺服舵机控制器热耗及工作模式等参数条件,采用十八烷为相变吸热材料,设计了一台高效平板式肋片相变蓄热装置,并通过地面试验研究,验证了该装置的控温性能、稳定性及等温性。试验结果表明:所设计的肋片式高效相变蓄热装置,在120 W热源功率下,可以将设备温度控制在50℃以下超过3000 s;榫槽形式的封装结构具有良好的密封性能,相变蓄热装置在多次相变循环后无泄漏;在3000 s测试时间内相变装置内部最大温差为3℃,具有很好的等温性。     

海上双馈电机开路故障容错性能评估

海上风电机组面临故障率高、停运损失大等问题,迫切需要及早发现运行故障、及时提供容错机制。构建基于西蒙决策理论的双馈风力发电机开路故障容错设计方案,选取电能质量和风力发电机组可靠性作为典型评估指标。结合双馈风力发电机组机侧变流器单相开路故障容错案例,给出量化的容错性能指标。结果表明及时有效的故障容错机制能够提高海上风电场的可用率,避免故障恶化,降低故障带来的经济损失。     

MEMS陀螺静态误差补偿方法研究

针对典型MEMS陀螺静态误差大、 影响工程上使用的难题,提出基于时间序列模型的Kalman滤波方法.通过对典型MEMS陀螺数据进行分析,提取其趋势项,进行周期检验与相关性分析,建立时间序列模型;针对建立的时间序列模型,提出利用Kalman滤波方法,消除零位不稳定性.仿真及试验结果表明,该解算方法能够有效补偿MEMS陀螺静态误差,显著提升其静态指标.     

Fault Estimation and Accommodation for a Class of Nonlinear System Based on Neural Network Observer

The problem of fault estimation and accommodation of nonlinear systems with disturbances is studied using adaptive observer and neural network techniques.A robust adaptive learning algorithm based on switchingβsmodification is developed to realize the accurate and fast estimation of unknown actuator faults or component faults.Then a fault tolerant controller is designed to restore system performance.Dynamic error convergence and system stability can be guaranteed by Lyapunov stability theory.Finally,simulation results of quadrotor helicopter attitude systems are presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed techniques.     

空间自旋目标平动补偿与微动特征提取方法

针对空间自旋目标平动补偿与微动(m-D)特征提取问题，提出一种基于延时共轭相乘和微动分解的平动补偿与特征提取方法。该方法通过延时共轭相乘处理实现目标加速度估计，然后构建冗余的微动原子集，对加速度补偿后信号进行微动分解补偿，通过搜索补偿信号的最大谱峰获取目标的微动特征与速度信息。仿真试验表明,所提方法能够有效估计空间自旋目标的运动参数，并快速提取其微动特征。     

Multi-level virtual prototyping of electromechanical actuation system for more electric aircraft

Electromechanical actuators (EMAs) are becoming increasingly attractive in the field of more electric aircraft because of their outstanding benefits, which include reduced fuel burn and maintenance cost, enhanced system flexibility, and improved management of fault detection and isolation. However, electromechanical actuation raises specific issues when being used for safety-critical aerospace applications like flight controls: huge reflected inertia to load, jamming-type failure, and increase of backlash with service due to wear and local dissipation of heat losses for thermal balance. This study proposes an incremental approach for virtual prototyping of EMAs. It is driven by a model-based system engineering process in order to enable simulation-aided design. Best practices supported by Bond graph formalism are suggested to develop a model’s structure efficiently and to make the model ready for use (or extension) by addressing the above mentioned issues. Physical effects are progressively introduced, and the realism of lumped-parameter models is increased step-by-step. In particular, multi-level component models are architected to ensure continuity between engineering activities. The models are implemented in the AMESim simulation environment, and simulation responses are given to illustrate how they can be used for preliminary sizing, control design, thermal balance verification, and faults to failure analysis. The proposed best practices intend to provide engineers with fast, reusable, and efficient means to assess performance virtually and enhance maturity, performance, and robustness.     

基于LMS Virtual. Lab的系留气球仿真与优化

系留气球在近地面收放过程中存在俯仰角过大的问题，为了更全面地了解收放过程中不同因素对球体俯仰角的影响，采用LMS Virtua1. Lab建立了带滑轮索具系统的系留气球三维动力学模型进行仿真分析，结果表明，仿真结果与理论计算、测量数据都有较高的符合度。进而运用试验设计( DOE)方法，探索典型风速下球体俯仰角的响应区间。最后基于响应面模型的优化技术，对滑轮索具系统设计进行优化，有效改善了球体在收放过程中俯仰角过大的问题。仿真模型对系留气球系统设计及收放控制有一定的指导作用。     

不同迎角下脊形前体绕流数值模拟研究

脊形前体有较强的背风涡流场,不同的前体形状对前体涡流场和气动力有很大的影响。本文针对脊形前体飞行器大迎角湍流大分离流动计算的困难,采用IDDES混合湍流模型,以及与之匹配的非定常算法,研究了不同来流迎角下脊形前体的气动特性,以及背风涡非定常演化、破裂的细致流动结构。选取了不同脊形角,以及不同上、下高宽比的脊形前体进行计算。计算结果表明,在迎角较小时,随着迎角的增大,前体主涡会逐渐增强,在迎角较大时,前体主涡破裂;在相同迎角下,脊形角较小时,前体涡较强,涡升力也更大;对于相同脊形角的前体,当上半截面高宽比较小时,前体主涡强度较大,前体涡破裂临界迎角较小,即会提前破裂。     

Generalised variational assimilation of cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder data

Assimilated channel brightness temperature data from infrared sounders accounting for cloud effects have a positive effect on weather forecasting, especially in weather-sensitive areas. When cloud effects are included, the channel brightness temperature deviations follow a non-Gaussian distribution. However, classical variational data assimilation follows a Gaussian distribution. When processing the cloud-affected brightness temperature, useful data are lost through the cloud detection process, thus assimilating some channel brightness temperatures with weight function peaks above the cloud top. Furthermore, strict quality control of brightness temperature removes outliers. By adopting the generalised variational assimilation method, which assumes that errors follow a non-Gaussian distribution, this paper assimilates the cloud-affected brightness temperature using simulated data for the hyper-spectral atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS). A channel set is formed by dynamically selecting AIRS channels. The experiments for retrieving temperature and humidity data demonstrate that the generalised variational assimilated cloud-affected brightness temperature method performs better than the classical method.