利用简易再入舱从轨道系统上回收小有效载荷

从轨道上返回实验结果或样品有两种可能性;1)同可返回的(地基的)有效载荷运载器一起返回;2)利用空间的轨道系统(如哥伦布舱)上的专用再入舱返回。所推荐的TAURUS返回系统可在空间站运行期间将小有效载荷(m<20kg)频繁地返回地面。本文根据OHB系统有限公司的可行性研究,提出了TAURUS返回方案,叙述了主要的系统部件。即有效载荷舱、弹射装置及辅助装置。根据TAURUS任务的详细分析,并考虑了可能的有效载荷和轨道力学要素,确定了TAURUS系统方案。此外,为了论证系统适应性,还讨论了该系统对轨道系统和有效载荷的可能影响。     

世界标准日祝词

就最广泛的意义来讲,运输意味着把各种人员、技术和组织团体相互联结起来的一个错综复杂的网络。请设想一下,为了乘小汽车、长途汽车或火车以及飞机来加速商务活动或每家每户歼出度假的旅行,为了把     

应用LDV和PIV技术测量波-流系统的粒子速度

将激光多普勒(LDV)技术同粒子成像测速技术(PIV)结合起来测量波动过程的粒子速度,得到了波槽中规则波的速度振幅剖面和二维空间速度向量分布。实验表明,应用电光调制获得频移的 LDV 系统可以方便地得到周期性交变的连续的实时速度信息,而采用较大直径粒子作为示踪体拍摄到的多次曝光成像照片有助于了解全场平均流动的特征。实验发现,在波流共存的条件下,增大波振幅时,速度剖面有显著的平均速度亏损现象。     

四川烹饪:火辣辣的口味火辣辣的性情

"西餐很乏味,没味没趣,"在成都最好的川菜馆之一蜀风园,侯伟一边吃着清蒸牛蛙一边说:"小孩子倒是喜欢吃西餐,但四川人很挑剔,如果味道不好,我们不会吃."     

Psychological considerations of man in space: problems & solutions

With concrete plans for long duration flight taking form a new impetus is lent to preparing man for this hostile and unnatural environment. Cramped conditions, isolation from family and loved ones, work stress, fear, and incompatibility with fellow crew, are but a few of the problems suffered by astronauts and cosmonauts during their long missions in orbit about the earth.

Although criteria for selection of crew is one aspect of attacking the problem, it has not solved it Notwithstanding good selection, team combination, and counselling before flight, problems have still occurred with unwanted consequences. Incompatibility of team members, far from being the exception, has been frequent. This has been detrímental both physiologically and psychologically for the individual as well as for the operational success and safety of the missions.

Because problems will inevitably occur in future long duration missions, especially when they are of international and multi-cultural nature, the importance of dealing with them is underlined. This paper takes a different approach towards ameliorating these problems, namely that of psychological group training before a mission.     

基于数学模型和测量参数进行故障诊断的结构排除法

本文对结构排除法进行了简单的介绍，在简单的例子上对利用结构排除法进行故障诊断做了示范，对应用多个测量参数进行诊断提出了简单易行的方法，提出了诊断管路泄漏的方法，最后对结构排除法的优点以及在应用中需深入研究的方向进行了分析。     

CASH 2021: commercial access and space habitation

Issues about commercialization of space have been a growing concern in the past decade for the space community. This paper focuses on the work from a team of 51 students attending the Summer Session Program of the International Space University in Bremen, Germany. CASH 2021 (Commercial Access and Space Habitation) documents a plan that identifies commercial opportunities for space utilization that will extend human presence in space, and will chart the way forward for the next 20 years. The group selected four commercial sectors that show the most promise for the future: tourism, entertainment, space system service, assembly and debris removal, and research and development/production. The content of this document presents the results of their research. Historical activities in each of the commercial sectors are reviewed along with the current market situation. To provide a coherent background for future commercialization possibilities a scenario has been developed. This scenario includes a postulated upon ideal future and includes social, political and economic factors that may affect the space industry over the timeline of the study. The study also presents a roadmap, within the limited optimistic scenario developed, for the successful commercialization of space leading to future human presence in space. A broad range of commercially viable opportunities, not only within the current limits of the International Space Station, but also among the many new developments that are expected by 2021 are discussed.     

带有调节电路和温度补偿的硅压力传感器

本文介绍一种芯片上带有信号调节功能的硅压力传感器。制作时,在标准的3μmCMDS工艺过程中加入了微机械加工工艺,利用带电化学阻蚀剂的各向异性腐蚀技术,在(100)取向硅片上进行腐蚀。控制膜片厚度,使厚度容差小于0.5μm。在同一膜片上,集成了完整的CMDS测量电路。带压阻元件的惠氏电桥的输出信号由一个仪器放大器放大。该放大器的放大率和温度有关,以便补偿灵敏度随温度的变化。另外,灵敏度本身的变化、偏置和偏置随温度的变化亦予以补偿。芯片还具备微调功能,以便在-40～+125℃范围内对所述各参数进行调节。     

数据处理软件与机载数据采集软件的连接

由于飞行测试数据采集和遥测系统引用了能提供动态控制能力的微型计算机,所以软件正日益成为机载数据系统的一个不可缺少的组成部分。通常,软件的重要性总是被机载系统的许多用户所低估,甚至迄今,他们还在担心能否把PCM数据循环图编程到电可编程序只读存储器(EPROM)并将它们插入机载硬件中去。由于较新的可编程序系统使用带有电可擦可编程序只读存储器(E~2PROM)和随机存储器(RAM)的微型计算机来提供实时工程单位(EU)显示和控制能力,因而机载软件就成为整个系统计划的一个中心环节。在这些数据采集系统中,实时数据显示和控制所提出的程序设计要求,使地面站的数据处理软件和飞机上的数据采集软件之间要有软件结构控制和一种软件(固件)连接变得非常重要。本文介绍飞行测试过程中新出现的这类问题的一种解决办法。     

Results of space experiment program "Interferon"

The results of the biological space experiment "Interferon" performed by two international cosmonaut teams (26 May 1980, and 16 May 1981) aboard space laboratory Solyut-6 are reported: (1) Human lymphocytes separated from blood of healthy donors and placed into "Interferon I" equipment could be kept for 7 days in suspension culture under spaceflight conditions. Interferon production could be induced in human lymphocytes by preparations of different origin: virus, synthetic polyribonucleotides, bacterial protein and plant pigment. An increased lymphocyte interferon production in space laboratory compared to ground control was observed. (2) Human interferon preparations and interferon inducers placed in space laboratory at room temperature for 7 days maintained their biological activity. (3) A decrease of induced interferon production and natural killer activity of lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of cosmonauts was observed on the 1st day on Earth after 7-days spaceflight.