INITIALIZATION METHODS FOR GROUP TRACKING

ＩＮＩＴＩＡＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＦＯＲＧＲＯＵＰＴＲＡＣＫＩＮＧＹａｎｇＣｈｅｕｇｙａｎｇ；ＱｕＪｉａｎｍｉｎｇ；ＭａｏＳｈｉｙｉ（ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＡｅｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓａｎｄＡｓｔｒｏｎａｕｔｉｃｓ，Ｂｅｉｊｎｇ，Ｃ...     

INFLUENCE OF THE CRYSTAL GROWTHORIENTATION ON THE MICROSTRUCTUREIN HYPORAPIDSOLIDIFICATION

ＩＮＦＬＵＥＮＣＥＯＦＴＨＥＣＲＹＳＴＡＬＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＲＩＥＮＴＡＴＩＯＮＯＮＴＨＥＭＩＣＲＯＳＴＲＵＣＴＵＲＥＩＮＨＹＰＯＲＡＰＩＤＳＯＬＩＤＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＪｉａｎｇＣｈｅｎｇｂａｏ；ＨｕＨａｎｑｉ；Ｗａｎｇｐｅｉｊｕｎ；ＺｈａｎｇＨｕ（Ｂｅ...     

Production of neutrons from interactions of GCR-like particles

In order to help assess the risk to astronauts due to the long-term exposure to the natural radiation environment in space, an understanding of how the primary radiation field is changed when passing through shielding and tissue materials must be obtained. One important aspect of the change in the primary radiation field after passing through shielding materials is the production of secondary particles from the breakup of the primary. Neutrons are an important component of the secondary particle field due to their relatively high biological weighting factors, and due to their relative abundance, especially behind thick shielding scenarios. Because of the complexity of the problem, the estimation of the risk from exposure to the secondary neutron field must be handled using calculational techniques. However, those calculations will need an extensive set of neutron cross section and thicktarget neutron yield data in order to make an accurate assessment of the risk. In this paper we briefly survey the existing neutron-production data sets that are applicable to the space radiation transport problem, and we point out how neutron production from protons is different than neutron production from heavy ions. We also make comparisons of one the heavy-ion data sets with Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck (BUU) calculations.     

Changes in organ perfusion and weight ratios in post-simulated microgravity recovery

Head-down tilt models have been used as ground-based simulations of microgravity. Our previous animal research has demonstrated that there are significant changes in fluid distribution within 2 h after placement in a 45 degrees head-down tilt (45HDT) position and these changes in fluid distribution were still present after 14 days of 45HDT. Consequently, we investigated changes in fluid distribution during recovery from 16 days of 45HDT. Changes in radioactive tracer distribution and organ/body weight ratio were examined in rats randomly assigned to a 45HDT or prone control group. The 45HDT rats were suspended for 16 days and then allowed to recover at the prone position 0, 77, 101, or 125 h post-suspension. Animals were injected with technetium-labeled diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99mTcDTPA, MW=492 amu, physical half-life of 6.02 h) and then killed 30 min post-injection. Lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain were harvested, weighed, and measured for radioactive counts. Statistical analyses included two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) that compared 45HDT versus controls at the four experimental time points. The organ weight divided by the body weight ratio for the brain, heart, kidneys and liver in the 45HDT rats was significantly different than the control rats, regardless of time (treatment). There was no difference between the different time points (time). The average 99mTcDTPA count divided by the organ weight ratio values for the heart, liver, and spleen were significantly higher in the 45HDT group than the control group. The average counts for the heart and spleen were significantly higher at 77, 101, and 125 h than at time zero. We conclude that the major organs have different recovery patterns after 45HDT for 16 days in the rat.     

入世对中国再保险业的影响及对策--"9.11"事件引起的思考

论文通过分析中国再保险业的现状以及入世后中国再保险业面临的机遇与挑战，探索中国再保险业应对入世的发展对策。     

PRACTICAL G~2 CONTINUITY ALGORITHMS BETWEEN ADJACENT NURBS PATCHES

Geometriccontinuityiswidelyrecognizedastheappropriatewaytofittogethertwoadja-centsurfacepatchesinCAD/CAM.ItavoidsdePendenceofparametrizatinnandprovidesaddi-tionalparametersformodelingtheshapes.Apatchworktechniqueconstructsanycompositesurfacestraightforwardly,patchbypatch.ThetangentplanecontinuityG1andcurvaturecon-tinuityG2ofparametricsurfacepatcheshavebeenstudied[1~6J-AlltheseresearchersworkwithsurfacepatchesinBezierformandrationalBezierform.IncontrasttoNURBSsurface,BezierandrationalBe…     

基于特征的锻件分类及特征有限元法

综合分析锻件后引入特征技术并归纳锻件的形状及变形特点 ,提出了锻件特征概念并给出锻件形状特征的一般定义和构成 ;采用面向对象技术表示特征 ,提出了锻件特征类的概念模式和具体的参数化数据模型 ;针对有限元分析中复杂多变的约束条件和载荷状况两个关键性因素的表达 ,提出特征类的关联思想。在基于特征的锻件分类基础上 ,把锻件变形归纳为“挤”或“压”两种特征元 ,提出了采用基于特征的有限元法 ,并综合自适应FEM、并行FEM、智能型FEM共同求解大型复杂锻件的变形模拟问题。     

直接力控制飞机非常规响应耦合敏感性分析

 针对当前直接力控制系统设计实践中遇到的直接力控制（ＤＦＣ）飞机非常规响应耦合敏感性问题，借助闭环系统动力学和瞄准误差动力学理论进行推导与分析，进而通过实例计算，得出可供ＤＦＣ系统设计及飞机飞行品质评定参考的重要结论。     

STUDIES ON AIRCRAFT TOTAL ENERGY FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM：NONLINEAR SYSTEM INTEGRATION AND SIMULATION

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＡＩＲＣＲＡＦＴＴＯＴＡＬＥＮＥＲＧＹＦＬＩＧＨＴＣＯＮＴＲＯＬＳＹＳＴＥＭ：ＮＯＮＬＩＮＥＡＲＳＹＳＴＥＭＩＮＴＥＧＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＳＩＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＷｕＳｈｕｆａｎ；ＳｈｅｎＹｏｎｇｚｈａｎｇ；ＧｕｏＳｕｏｆｅｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ...     

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR K_Ⅲ FOR 3-D CRACK BY CAUSTICS

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＮＳＴＲＥＳＳＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＦＡＣＴＯＲＫⅢＦＯＲ３┐ＤＣＲＡＣＫＢＹＣＡＵＳＴＩＣＳＷｕＤａｆａｎｇ，ＧａｏＺｈｅｎｔｏｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｏｌｉｄＭｅｃｈａｎｉｃｓ，ＢｅｉｊｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅ...