The attitude inversion method of geostationary satellites based on unscented particle filter

The attitude information of geostationary satellites is difficult to be obtained since they are presented in non-resolved images on the ground observation equipment in space object surveillance. In this paper, an attitude inversion method for geostationary satellite based on Unscented Particle Filter (UPF) and ground photometric data is presented. The inversion algorithm based on UPF is proposed aiming at the strong non-linear feature in the photometric data inversion for satellite attitude, which combines the advantage of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Particle Filter (PF). This update method improves the particle selection based on the idea of UKF to redesign the importance density function. Moreover, it uses the RMS-UKF to partially correct the prediction covariance matrix, which improves the applicability of the attitude inversion method in view of UKF and the particle degradation and dilution of the attitude inversion method based on PF. This paper describes the main principles and steps of algorithm in detail, correctness, accuracy, stability and applicability of the method are verified by simulation experiment and scaling experiment in the end. The results show that the proposed method can effectively solve the problem of particle degradation and depletion in the attitude inversion method on account of PF, and the problem that UKF is not suitable for the strong non-linear attitude inversion. However, the inversion accuracy is obviously superior to UKF and PF, in addition, in the case of the inversion with large attitude error that can inverse the attitude with small particles and high precision.     

The adaptive Gaussian mixtures unscented Kalman filter for attitude determination using light curves

The Adaptive Gaussian Mixtures Unscented Kalman Filter (AGMUKF) is introduced to estimate the attitude of a Resident Space Object using light curves. This filter models the state probability density function as a Gaussian Mixture. This enables to capture the non-linearities of the light-curve measurement model. A non-linearity index is used to refine the mixture when necessary, and individual Gaussian kernels are merged back together when their relative distance is below a certain threshold. A conventional attitude Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used to propagate and update each kernel. The AGMUKF efficiently maintains the mixture population as low as possible, while still being able to represent non-symmetric, multimodal, arbitrarily complex distributions. Therefore, it is presented as a promising alternative to Particle-Filter-based implementations, the current state of the art used in sequential attitude estimation from light curves. The non-linearity index has been used to show that the measurement model is the main contributor to the system non-linearity. Results have demonstrated the superiority of the AGMUKF w.r.t. the UKF for attitude determination, and that it can converge for high initial state uncertainty cases, successfully capturing the non-Gaussian probability distribution of the state.     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

卫星编队飞行的相对轨道自主确定研究

为了研究卫星编队飞行相对轨道的自主确定,基于相对轨道根数建立编队卫星间的相对运动方程,利用测量所得到的星间距离和方位信息作为观测量。不同于目前广泛采用的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法,设计Unscented Kalman Filter(UKF)算法实现卫星编队飞行的相对轨道自主确定。仿真结果表明这种相对轨道自主确定方案能获得较高的定轨精度。     

基于Unscented卡尔曼滤波器的近地卫星磁测自主导航

建立了近地卫星高精度轨道动力学模型和10×10阶地磁场模型,分别以地磁场矢量和强度幅值作为观测量,通过Unscented卡尔曼滤波实现自主导航。在采样周期10s,磁强计测量噪声100nT情况下仿真,仿真结果显示以地磁场矢量为观测量时卫星导航误差在卫星前进方向(切向)、轨道法向、卫星径向的分量分别为1km、0.9km、0.3km,而以地磁场强度幅值为观测量时误差分别为1.6km、1.3km、0.5km。     

Kalman滤波在频率估计中的应用与仿真

推导并建立了Kalman滤波器用于频偏估计的仿真模型,提出先对信号倍频,而后进行差积运算,得出载有频偏二倍频信息的复信号,再用Kalman滤波器估计复信号的相位和相位变化率,避免符号相位模糊,运算简洁便于数字实现。设计了一个Kalman滤波辅助解调的系统模型,给出了仿真结果。仿真表明,Kalman滤波技术用于频率的快捕可以大大降低失锁概率。     

Real-time sensor fault detection and isolation for LEO satellite attitude estimation through magnetometer data

Attitude estimation is a critical component of the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS) of any satellite. It is used to convert the sensor observation data to an estimated attitude using filtering algorithms. However, in the presence of sensor faults, the ADCS fails to achieve the desired attitude accuracy. In this paper, the Fault Tolerant Extended Kalman Filter (FTEKF) is proposed to handle this imperfection. In accordance, various filtering steps are included in the FTEKF design to enhance both attitude estimation and sensor fault detection. The developed algorithm can detect and isolate any unexpected sensor faults in real time, which provides a reliable attitude estimation. A comparative study with the classical and robust Kalman filters is performed through numerical simulations in order to validate the effectiveness of the adopted filter in case of magnetometer fault data.     

卫星自主导航系统存在常值偏差的滤波方法研究

由于敏感器常值偏差对导航精度影响较大,因此有必要对其进行标定。考虑到传统常偏扩维算法计算量大,且可能出现数值病态的问题,提出了两步UKF算法,该算法对状态和偏差实施分离估计,从而达到解耦目的。不仅能够准确标定常值偏差,而且还可以提高导航精度。近地卫星自主导航系统仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

集合卡尔曼滤波在电离层短期预报中的应用

提出了一种利用集合卡尔曼滤波对电离层f0F2短期预报结果进行优化的方法. 利用训练好的神经网络对f0F2进行提前1~24 h的预报, 考虑前一天预报误差的反馈信息, 动态跟踪 f0F2的变化趋势, 引入集合卡尔曼滤波对神经网络的预报结果实行进一步修正和优化. 实验结果表明, 此方法的预报效果优于单纯的神经网络模型和IRI模型. 此方法还可以应用于其他电离层参量的短期预报.      

基于UPF滤波的微小航天器姿态矩阵估计方法

针对基于惯性-星光姿态确定系统噪声存在非高斯分布的情况,提出了将离散粒子滤波(UPF)方法应用于定姿系统滤波器设计,该方法用离散卡尔曼滤波(UKF)得到粒子滤波的重要采样函数,从而克服扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和UKF只能应用到噪声为高斯分布的不足。文章以微机电系统(MEMS)陀螺和互补性金属氧化物半导体有源像素图像传感器(CMOS APS)星敏感器为姿态敏感器件,选取基于矢量观测的最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法为定姿算法,提出将UPF与最小参数姿态矩阵估计方法结合,设计了一种针对微小航天器的UPF姿态估计器,采用从MEMS陀螺采集的数据进行了半物理仿真并对其特性进行了分析与比较。仿真比较结果表明:在敏感器精度较差并且系统噪声非高斯分布的情况下,这种基于UPF的姿态估计方法可以取得比EKF和UKF更快的滤波收敛性和更好的滤波精度,有效地提高了定姿性能。     

深空探测器接近段自适应滤波方法研究

天文导航是一种广泛应用于深空探测任务的全自主导航方法.基于状态模型和量测模型的非线性卡尔曼滤波方法在天文导航中被广泛使用.卡尔曼滤波要求状态和量测模型误差是高斯白噪声且先验协方差信息已知,但在深空探测器天文导航系统中,状态模型和量测模型噪声通常不能精确知道且是时变的.因此,自适应卡尔曼滤波器广泛用于解决状态和量测模型误差未知且时变的问题.本文首先结合火星探测器接近段的实际情况分析了火星探测器接近段模型噪声的时变特性,然后对三种常用的在线调节自适应滤波方法在火星探测接近段的滤波表现进行了仿真实验.      

基于自适应联邦滤波的卫星姿态确定

卡尔曼滤波采用常值量测噪声协方差阵,当量测噪声统计特性发生变化时,易导致估计误差增大,甚至滤波发散。针对该问题,在联邦卡尔曼滤波子系统中采用自适应卡尔曼滤波,形成自适应联邦卡尔曼滤波算法,新算法采用模糊推理系统实时调整量测噪声协方差阵的加权系数,使模型量测噪声逐渐逼近真实噪声水平。将该算法应用于多传感器卫星姿态确定系统,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

磁暴期间的地磁导航精度分析

地磁导航是无源自主导航技术研究的新方向. 分析了地磁导航的基本原理, 描述了典型磁暴过程, 并针对地磁导航在磁暴环境中的适用性进行了研究. 在采用曲面样条方法对实测地磁场数据建立观测模型的基础上, 结合广义卡尔曼滤波方法讨论了磁暴不同阶段对地磁导航精度造成的影响. 分别采用理论典型磁暴数据以及实测磁暴数据进行仿真, 仿真结果表明, 在磁暴的初相、恢复相的中后时段以及中等强度以下的磁暴全过程仍然可以采用地磁来进行导航定位, 导航精度在200 m以内, 满足飞行器中程制导的精度要求.      

基于IMU与UKF的船舶升沉运动信息测量方法

为获取实时、精确的船舶升沉运动信息，根据船舶升沉运动模型和频谱分析方法，建立描述惯性测量单元（IMU）的加速度测量信息与船舶升沉运动状态量关系的解析模型。基于无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）算法非线性滤波的特点，进行升沉运动滤波解算。通过仿真分析证明了所提方法在船舶升沉运动测量中的有效性。利用三自由度平台升沉运动测量实验验证，结果表明，同一模型下，相比于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法的解算结果，所提方法具有更快的收敛速度和更高的测量精度；对船舶升沉位移的估计精度达到最大升沉幅值的5%，可以得到精确、无时延的船舶升沉运动信息。      

未知参数高阶线性系统基于特征模型的卡尔曼滤波

针对一类有量测噪声的未知参数高阶线性系统设计了基于特征模型的卡尔曼滤波器,改进了由于传统卡尔曼滤波器在未知系统状态转移阵时应用的难题.在对高阶线性系统的自适应控制中,利用建立系统的特征模型构造状态转移阵,结合卡尔曼滤波的思想对系统输出进行滤波,使系统输出以及控制量的性能得到极大的改善.通过对一个未知参数的高阶线性系统仿真实验验证了此方法的有效性.     

自旋稳定卫星姿态参数的容错Kalman滤波

Kalman滤波是一组用递推关系给出的动态 测量系统状态向量的最优线性无偏滤波 ,它在航天测控领域中有广泛应用。以自旋稳定型卫星姿态确定为研究对象 ,探讨Kalman滤波算法的实现途径 ,并对Kalman滤波算法本身进行适当改进 ,建立一组对测量数据野值点具有容错能力的修正型滤波算法 ;此外 ,还对滤波初值选取和测量数据误差协方差阵的估计等技术给出了有价值的建议     

基于扩展Kalm an滤波的实时测速定轨算法

针对实时测速定轨 (即只用测速数据确定运动目标的状态参数 )的实现问题 ,研究了一种扩展 Kalman滤波方法 ,并利用其状态方程和线性化观测方程得到定轨算法。理论推导和仿真结果表明 ,此算法是收敛的 ,且精度较高。     

运用信息融合式高阶UKF的微小卫星姿态确定算法

为提高微小卫星微型低成本姿态敏感器的姿态确定精度，基于磁强计/太阳敏感器/陀螺仪的姿态敏感器配置以及无迹卡尔曼滤波方法（Unscented Kalman Filter，UKF），设计了一种基于高阶UKF算法并且融合磁强计与太阳敏感器观测信息的微小卫星姿态确定算法.为提高系统状态方程非线性函数的一步预测精度，采用基于五阶UT变换的高阶UKF算法，增加了Sigma采样点数量，提高了系统状态预测精度.单一观测向量滤波算法不能同时满足多个不同量纲观测数据，本文提出一种同时利用两个观测向量的信息融合式滤波算法，根据磁强计和太阳敏感器的观测信息，通过卡尔曼滤波原理中的增益计算，分别得出地磁矢量和太阳矢量对应的卡尔曼增益信息.采用高斯概率密度准则进行信息融合，进而完成预测值的修正，得到同时满足磁强计以及太阳敏感器观测需求的四元数估计值，降低了观测误差的影响.仿真分析验证了算法的优越性.      

无陀螺下基于修正罗德里格参数的星体姿态确定

介绍了修正罗德里格参数(MRP),分析比较了姿态表示参数修正罗德里格参数和四元数的算法特点。通过仿真计算,比较了当卫星受一阶马尔柯夫干扰力矩作用和CCD星敏感器为唯一星载角运动传感器时,分别用修正罗德里格参数和四元数作为姿态表示参数,采用UKF(Unscented Kalman Filter)估计卫星航向、姿态及相应角速率的滤波效果。结果表明,用修正罗德里格参数法的姿态解算精度比用四元数法的姿态解算精度高,且计算效率明显优于四元数算法,计算量仅相当于四元数算法的一半,这是由于四元数的规范化条件(即模值为1),在姿态确定中会导致误差协方差阵奇异,而修正罗德里格参数虽然不是全局非奇异的,但是可以通过切换方法解决奇异性问题。     

一种基于AUKF的航天器自主导航算法

 将非线性Sage-Husa噪声估计器与无迹滤波器(UKF)相结合,提出了一种新型的自适应无迹滤波器(AUKF).对基于AUKF的航天器自主导航系统进行了计算机仿真,仿真结果表明,对于存在测量偏差的自主导航系统,AUKF的导航滤波精度较传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)有显著的提高.进而,针对航天器自主导航系统测量偏差周期时变的特点,提出了提高偏差估计精度的改进算法.仿真结果表明,在适当增加计算量的条件下,利用偏差估计改进算法的AUKF能够进一步提高自主导航系统的导航精度.