晶体滤波器的目前趋势

本文评述了晶体滤波器最近的和预定的研制情况。主要发展方面是:甚高频(VHF)和超高频(UHF)滤波器、数据传输滤波器、线性度、封装以及降低成本。     

传输法测试系统用于晶体滤波器特性的测量

介绍了在现有石英晶体谐振器传输法测试系统2100的基础上,扩展其功能用以测试晶体滤波器特性及晶体谐振器寄生响应等的原理和方法,并给出了部分产品的测试结果。     

反台晶体及其应用

介绍了应用离子束刻蚀技术制作高基频反台晶体谐振器及反台晶体谐振器的应用。     

5.2兆赫宽带晶体滤波器的试制

一、概述随着通讯和频率控制技术的迅速发展,滤波器的应用范围越来越广。对滤波器,不仅在稳定性和选择性方面提出了越来越高的要求,而且在带外防卫度方面也提出了严格的要求。滤波器的种类很多,早先是传统的LC滤波器,后来又出现了多种新型滤波器,诸如晶体滤波器、陶瓷滤波器、有源滤波器和数字滤波器等。这里介绍一种5.2兆赫晶体宽带滤波器。主要讨论其带宽的控制和阻带寄生衰减的抑制,并简要介绍滤波器的设计和调试的全过程。分立式晶体宽带滤波器,是由石英谐振器,电容器及电感线圈等分立元件组成。其滤波特性,除了取决于石英谐振器的等效参数以外,还与展宽线圈的关系甚大。晶体滤波器的带宽,取决于石英谐振器的串并谐振和反谐振之间的间隔,即取决于滤波晶体的等效电路的静电容C_0与动态电容C_s之比r,即r=C_0/C_(so)如采用狭带     

北京无线电计量测试研究所石英晶体元器件助力“神七”飞天

2008年9月25日北京无线电计量测试研究所研制的石英晶体元器件作为航天飞船的一部分,与“神七”一起奔向了太空,其中作为整机的心脏—晶体谐振器、滤波器、晶体振荡器等体积虽小,但在载人航天和绕月等重大工程中,包括星、箭、弹、船上的各种电子系统传输信号,从火箭点火、     

21.4MHz系列单片晶体滤波器

详细讨论了21.4MHz系列单片晶体滤波器的基本原理、设计方法、实验结果诸问题。特别是对八极点单片晶体滤波器。论述了不同电极形状和滤波器电气性能之间的关系。     

100MH_z带通晶体滤波器的试制

本文介绍了100MHz带通晶体滤波器的试制工作情况,包括滤波晶体谐振器的设计、制造和晶体滤波器的设计和调试。对晶体薄片自由式抛光和阳极氧化调频方法,也作了简要说明。最后给出了测试数据和图表。     

5MHz空气隙石英谐振器的研制

通常的高精密石英谐振器采用的是电极膜直接被在石英晶体谐振片上,玻璃壳火封或冷压焊封装结构。本文介绍一种结构全新的高精密石英谐振器的设计、工艺和性能。它的电极膜是被在靠近石英晶体谐振片的上下二个电容器上,电极膜与谐振片形成空气隙形状,所以称为空气隙石英谐振器或无电极石英谐振器。它的外壳采用了密封性能很好的金属化氢焊和电子束焊封接装技术,使产品提高Q值和改进老化。尤其是石英晶体谐振片采用了SC切型进一步提高了短期频率稳定度和加速度灵敏度。     

基频160MHz离子刻蚀晶体谐振器

叙述了用新的加工工艺－离子刻蚀减薄技术制成的６０～１５０ＭＨｚ超高频基频卫星用晶体谐振器，论述了新的工艺过程及产品技术性能。     

75MHz高衰减小矩形系数晶体滤波器的设计制作

介绍中心频率75MHz、6dB带宽9～10kHz,通带波动小于idB、阻带衰减大于65dB、矩形系数B40/B6<2、插入损耗小于6dB、输入输出阻抗均为50Ω、体积为42mm×20mm×18mm的晶体滤波器的设计制作。该晶体滤波器用综合法设计,采用三节六晶体窄带差接桥式带通晶体滤波器的电路结构,用比高频滤波器效果更好的电容分压的方法进行阻抗变换,不用常用的差接变量器进行阻抗变换。该晶体滤波器的技术指标优于用户提出的技术指标,接近北京无线电仪器二厂1986年引进的西德R/S公司生产的ESH3型电磁干扰测试接收机上所用同种晶体滤波器的技术指标。整机用后认为该滤波器性能良好,满足了整机的设计要求,样机于1989年12月通过设计定型鉴定。     

VHF/UHF振幅闪烁和VHF快速法拉弟旋转起伏

本文利用1988年9月至1989年5月在武昌(114.4°E,30.6°N)同时接收日本ETS-Ⅱ卫星(130.0°E)发出的VHF(136MHz)信标信号和苏联静止站-T卫星(99.0°E)发出的UHP(714MHz)广播电视信号时获得的观测记录,对夜间出现的双频(VHF/UHF)闪烁和VHF快速(每分钟大于5次的起伏)法拉弟旋转起伏(以下用FRF表示法拉弟旋转起伏)进行了统计分析,结果发现在临近太阳黑子最大年份观测到的双频夜间闪烁主要为急始型,呈赤道特性,且在临近二分点的月份里有最大出现率,秋季更为明显;伴随VHF振幅闪烁出现的快速FRF常与UHF振幅闪烁共存,以及产生这种现象的不规则体由西向东漂移,东-西向的漂移速度分量,在子夜前为140m/s,在子夜后为90m/s。      

ESF强散射理论初探

本文研究了高频寻常波在均匀等离子体中垂直均匀背景磁场传播时,由于在传播方向上有限区域内存在等幅密度扰动驻波引起共振折反射的理论.认为这种共振反射理论可能解释ESF条件下VHF/UHF雷达强散射和卫星与地面通讯中断等现象.      

Studies of polar mesosphere summer echoes with the EISCAT VHF and UHF radars: Information contained in the spectral shape

The nature of PMSE in the VHF and UHF frequency range is considered taking into account the shape of corresponding Doppler spectra. Assuming a turbulence-based model of PMSE it is argued that for cases where a VHF radar detects strong PMSE, the UHF radar could either detect enhanced coherent scattering caused by the same physical process as in the VHF (i.e., turbulence with large charged ice particles), there could be incoherent scattering modified by the charged ice particles, or there could be a mixture of both. In order to distinguish these cases a simple but robust method is introduced to characterize the shape of the Doppler spectra derived from observations at both frequencies. Spectral shapes are quantified with one simple fitting parameter of a generalized fit to the autocorrelation function (=Fourier transform of the Doppler spectrum). This parameter takes a value of 1 for a Lorentzian spectrum indicative of pure incoherent scatter from the D-region, a value of 2 for coherent scatter owing to turbulence, and a value of less than 1 for incoherent scatter modified by the presence of charged aerosol particles. This method is applicable to observations at altitudes between ∼70 and ∼90 km. Simultaneous observations with the EISCAT VHF and UHF radar are presented in which all three cases mentioned above are identified. For the case of incoherent scatter modified by the presence of charged aerosol particles we quantify the radius of the involved ice particles to exceed ∼5 nm. Most importantly, however, for the case where the UHF-signal exceeded the incoherent scatter signal significantly, the spectrum revealed a clear Gaussian shape indicative of a coherent scattering process with identical spectral width as for the VHF-observations. This finding gives strong support that both echoes are created by the same turbulence-based mechanism and not by different mechanisms as speculated by several previous authors.     

Ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR

Two models of ionosphere tomography based on spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) are proposed. For HF-SAR the signal with sweeping frequency lower than the characteristic frequency of ionosphere will be scatted during the ionosphere propagation and completely reflected at a corresponding height. The ionospheric electron density isolines looked as series of random surfaces can be reconstructed from the HF-SAR echoes by using the inverse scattering technique for layered rough surfaces and the method of moment (MoM). The numerical simulation show that due to the MoM can provide a full wave solution, the ionosphere tomography with high resolution can be obtained as long as enough sampling data of HF-SAR echoes are used. For VHF/UHF/P/L-band SAR the TEC (Total Electron Content) can be obtained from the SAR echoes scattered by some strong point targets (such as the calibrators, etc.) appeared in the SAR imaged ground region, and the ionosphere tomography can be performed by CT technique.     

Total electron content measurements in ionospheric physics

With the advent of modern global networks of dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS), total electron content (TEC) measurements along slant paths connecting GPS receivers and satellites at 22,000 km have become the largest data set available to ionospheric scientists. The TEC can be calculated from the time and phase delay in the GPS signal using the GPS Toolkit, but an unknown bias will remain. In addition, UHF/VHF radio beacons on board low-Earth-orbiting satellites can also be used to measure the electron content. However, the TEC measurements are obtained by integrating TEC differences between slant paths, but also contain biases. It is often necessary to use data assimilative algorithms like the Ionospheric Data Assimilation Three-Dimensional (IDA3D), and to treat both GPS- and LEO-beacon TEC measurements as relative data in order to conduct ionospheric studies.     

Proposal for ionospheric tomography technique using a new HF radio source

Measurements of the line integral of the electron density along satellite-to-ground ray paths (i.e. TEC) using differential phase or Doppler of two coherent VHF/UHF signals transmitted from NNSS or GPS satellite networks have been used in the ionospheric tomography for mapping large-scale ionospheric images over region of interest. In this paper, we present theoretical studies of using a new signal source HF frequency in tomographic imaging. The initial phase problem inherent in the phase measurement can be eliminated by measuring Faraday rotations. Relative rotation on two adjacent HF frequencies is used to solve the ambiguity problem. A second-order approximation of the Faraday rotation incorporated with ray-tracing technique improves the reconstruction degradation due to ionospheric refractions. CASSIOPE is a multi-purpose small satellite that receives HF signals from ground radar facilities and it is scheduled for launch in early 2008. Simulations have demonstrated the potential applications of the ionospheric tomography in CASSIOPE/e-POP satellite experiment.     

小型BVA 石英谐振器的研制

传统的BVA石英谐振器在老化率和Q值方面具有优良的性能,但其体积大,抗振可靠性较差,限制了其推广和应用。本文介绍了一种新结构的BVA石英谐振器,通过优化电容片和石英晶片的结构设计,研制出更小尺寸的异型石英晶片和电容片,整个小型BVA谐振器的尺寸减小到HC-40/U,性能指标与传统BVA石英谐振器相当,同时具有较高的抗振可靠性。     

Operational communication systems and relationships to the ionosphere and space weather

There are a variety of operational communication systems that are dependent upon the ionosphere, and there are others that are influenced by the ionosphere. In the dependent category, we have short-wave (i.e., MF and HF systems) and long-wave systems (i.e., VLF and LF systems). In the influenced category we have some VHF systems such as meteor-burst systems, and higher frequency SATCOM systems in the UHF and SHF bands. The paper will address various resource management issues for specified operational systems, and the relationship with aspects of space-weather will be discussed. Some examples where space-weather information is used in existing systems are presented. We also identify how space-weather information could be used in those situations where it is currently unused. We conclude with challenges facing advocates of a viable space-weather program [Goodman, J.M. Space Weather and Telecommunications. Kluwer international series of Engineering and Computer Science, Springer Science + Buisness Media Inc., New York, 2005].     

抗振晶体振荡器的仿真设计CSCD

本文介绍了利用仿真软件进行抗振晶体振荡器设计的方法,通过建立晶体振荡器结构仿真模型,对其力学特性进行深入细致的分析,并在此基础上对比分析减振材料的剪切模量和被减振物质量对晶体振荡器抗振性能的影响,优化晶体振荡器减振结构。然后,根据仿真设计制做了抗振晶体振荡器,并进行了随机振动试验。结果表明,试验现象与仿真结果基本一致,验证了仿真分析的有效性,且振动下晶体振荡器相位噪声达到-145d Bc/Hz@1k Hz,极大地提高了晶体振荡器的抗振性能。     

氢频标蓝宝石微波腔温度补偿的实验研究

针对当前蓝宝石氢原子频标微波腔的频率温度系数比较高,提出采用一种新的负温度系数晶体—钛酸锶。通过软件仿真计算,对蓝宝石微波腔进行介质温度补偿设计及优化,并比较了钛酸锶与金红石的温度补偿能力。根据仿真设计进行实验,得到的实验结果证明了介质补偿的有效性。当钛酸锶晶体尺寸为Φ17×8 mm时,温度系数为由无补偿时的-66 kHz/℃降为-10.35 kHz/℃。