磁选态铯原子钟弱信号直接采样方法研究

磁选态铯原子钟的输出频率与铯束管输出的弱电流信号有关，影响其频率稳定度。为了提高其频率稳定度技术指标，在对磁选态铯原子钟主伺服电路弱信号压频转换（V-F）和模/数 (A/D)直接采样对比的基础上，设计了基于DSP28335芯片的A/D直接采样电路，利用CAN总线通信技术与主控CPU板进行通信，实现整钟闭环锁定的方案。通过试验与被测磁选态铯原子钟现有压频转换法进行对比，结果表明，所设计的A/D直接采样法较压频转换法减小了磁选态铯原子钟相对频率偏差范围，改善了短期频率稳定度，具有实用价值。     

CPT铯原子钟微波信号源设计与分析

CPT原子钟由于其体积小、功耗低等优点广泛应用于通信、导航及数据传输等领域。本文采用数字锁相倍频的方法,根据CPT铯原子钟对微波信号的需求设计了一种中心频率为4 596MHz的信号源,并对其输出信号的相位噪声进行了分析。经测试,信号源电路尺寸为30mm×50mm,功耗小于200mW,输出微波功率范围为（-20~-5）dBm,输出信号噪声与理论分析相符,杂散抑制满足设计要求,调制信号频率为500Hz,可用于CPT铯原子钟。     

导航铯原子钟的发展现状及趋势

1 引言 目前,国际上导航原子钟的类型主要是传统的原子钟,包括铷钟、氢钟和铯钟.在这三者中,铷原子钟在质量、体积、功耗等方面占有优势,氢钟在短期和中期稳定度指标方面占有优势,铯钟的准确度和漂移率指标在三者中最好.由于铯原子钟的上述优势,美国的"全球定位系统"(GPS)和俄罗斯的"全球导航卫星系统"(GLONASS)都采用了铯原子钟, GPS Block-1、2、2A和2F采用了磁选态铯钟,未来,GPS-3拟采用激光抽运铯钟.俄罗斯GLONASS Block-2A、2B、2C及GLONASS-M、K都搭载了磁选态铯钟.     

数字频率调制和数字伺服在激光抽运小型铯束管频率标准装置中的应用

简要介绍了数字频率调制和数字伺服在国产激光抽运小型铯束管频率标准装置中的应用 ,包括实现方法、硬件框图、软件流程 ,及其在应用中的一些特点。为下一阶段工作打下基础。     

小型磁选态铯原子钟产品化进展

本文介绍了磁选态铯原子钟产品化进展情况，包括人们广泛关注的产品的性能指标测试、可靠性保证及寿命评估等，提出了铯束管采用单束束光学和电路采用了数字化技术是实现性能指标的基本保证；给出了产品化初期出现的一些故障现象及解决措施，以及为进一步提高可靠性开展的环境适应性试验；并讨论了电子倍增器寿命评估方法，提出寿命评估公式，对铯钟的寿命给出了评估结果。最后提出了产品化过程中还需要进一步探索的问题，不仅对磁选态铯原子钟的产品化有帮助，而且对光抽运铯钟甚至其他种类原子钟的产品化亦有参考价值。     

可移动式六极束管型铯原子钟

描述了一种可移动式铯原子钟的设计和性能。该装置可断续或连续运行,结构独特、潜力较大,在一定使用环境下,主要技术指标达到了国外商品铯钟相应的先进水平。     

罗兰—C精密时间同步中有关周期识别问题的探讨

一、问题的提出目前,罗兰—C标准信号作为一种精密时间标准信号已广泛用于北半球各国时频基准铯原子钟的洲际比对。由于罗兰—C系统采用了低频(100kHz)地波传播和相位编码。并用铯原子频标控制罗兰—C台的发射,因     

正弦振动条件下原子钟的频率稳定度分析

振动对原子钟(原子频标)的影响可分为对原子谐振的影响、对伺服环路的影响和对晶体振荡器(晶振)的影响.在振动频率范围内,晶振的输出相位噪声只与晶振的加速度灵敏度、峰值加速度和振动频率有关,与静态相位噪声没有关系,但在振动频率范围之外,晶振的输出相位噪声就是其静态相位噪声. 由原子钟的稳定性传递到输出晶振的频率稳定度公式,就可通过伺服环路把晶振的振动分析融入到原子钟的振动分析之中.利用相位噪声转换为阿仑方差的积分公式,根据留数定理推导出直接计算阿仑方差的解析表达式, 得到增加伺服环路带宽可以有效抑制振动对原子钟频率稳定度影响的结论;分析了通过减振和选择加速度灵敏度较小的晶振这2种方法改善原子钟振动性能的问题.      

频率标准在中国的发展

简单介绍了原子钟研究在中国的发展历史,着重叙述了近年来所取得的成就。包括在中国计量院开发与保存的国家时间频率基准:铯原子束基准和冷原子喷泉基准,后者的频率准确度达到了3.10-15。叙述了氢原子钟,包括主动激射器频标和被动型氢钟两种类型的研究工作进展;说明了光抽运铷原子钟的研制与生产情况以及性能指标。强调了中国光抽运铯原子束频标经过长期连续工作所取得的优秀成果。简述了中国在微波与光频离子储存原子钟以及在光频测量和光钟上所取得的进展。     

休斯公司研制出世界上精度最高的原子钟

休斯飞机公司承包海军研究实验室一项合同,历时七年研究出一种极其精致的氢量子放大器(Maser)原电钟,不久将放在第一颗全球定位系统实用导航星-13上。这是世界上第一架氢量子放大器原子钟。在未正式交付使用之前,预计1986年春季先由海军作一次轨道试飞。新的氢量子放大器原子钟性能颇佳,可靠性高,重量只有23公斤,旨在取代目前导航星上用的重450公斤的铯     

包络均值滤波算法实时检测微弱信号

在强噪声环境下提取微弱信号一直是信号处理方法研究的难点,提出一种基于包络均值滤波(EMF,Envelope Mean Filter)的微弱信号提取算法,可以实时恢复出深埋在均匀分布噪声中的微弱缓变非周期信号的波形.EMF算法通过对混有均匀分布噪声的信号进行过采样,对信号的包络线进行实时分析,并用上、下包络的均值作为真实信号的估计值.为了使输出信号平滑、无跳变,采用实时滑模平均滤波器对估计值进行滤波,最终恢复出的原始信号.通过仿真研究对包络的分析算法、最优衰减系数的选取、过采样系数、平滑序列长度和不同信噪比的微弱信号对还原精度的影响进行了研究.EMF算法简单,可使信噪比提高60 dB以上.已经成功用于IEEE 1588精密时钟同步的时钟伺服算法中.     

A new stochastic model considering satellite clock interpolation errors in precise point positioning

Precise clock products are typically interpolated based on the sampling interval of the observational data when they are used for in precise point positioning. However, due to the occurrence of white noise in atomic clocks, a residual component of such noise will inevitable reside within the observations when clock errors are interpolated, and such noise will affect the resolution of the positioning results. In this paper, which is based on a twenty-one-week analysis of the atomic clock noise characteristics of numerous satellites, a new stochastic observation model that considers satellite clock interpolation errors is proposed. First, the systematic error of each satellite in the IGR clock product was extracted using a wavelet de-noising method to obtain the empirical characteristics of atomic clock noise within each clock product. Then, based on those empirical characteristics, a stochastic observation model was structured that considered the satellite clock interpolation errors. Subsequently, the IGR and IGS clock products at different time intervals were used for experimental validation. A verification using 179 stations worldwide from the IGS showed that, compared with the conventional model, the convergence times using the stochastic model proposed in this study were respectively shortened by 4.8% and 4.0% when the IGR and IGS 300-s-interval clock products were used and by 19.1% and 19.4% when the 900-s-interval clock products were used. Furthermore, the disturbances during the initial phase of the calculation were also effectively improved.     

无介质硅压阻式压力/压差传感器的研制CSCD

目前,硅压阻式压力/压差传感器在伺服系统上得到广泛的应用。但是由于其内部压力敏感芯体的封装结构为薄膜隔离式,其内部硅油的密封性是伺服系统配套传感器长期带压贮存的软肋。根据伺服系统对压力/压差传感器的需求,研制了几种无介质压阻式压力/压差传感器,其内部避免了硅油介质传递压力,保证了传感器的可靠性。通过传感器原理结构的研究,以及其性能指标的测试和对比,为伺服系统配套传感器提供了新的选择。     

Analysis of GNSS clock prediction performance with different interrupt intervals and application to real-time kinematic precise point positioning

Continuous and timely real-time satellite orbit and clock products are mandatory for real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP). Real-time high-precision satellite orbit and clock products should be predicted within a short time in case of communication delay or connection breakdown in practical applications. For prediction, historical data describing the characteristics of the real-time orbit and clock can be used as the basis for performing the prediction. When historical data are scarce, it is difficult for many existing models to perform precise predictions. In this paper, a linear regression model is used to predict clock products. Seven-day GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) final clock products sampled at 30 s are used to analyze the characteristics of GNSS clocks. It is shown that the linear regression model can be used as the prediction model for the satellite clock products. In addition, the accuracy of the clock prediction for different satellites are analyzed using historical data with different periods (such as 2 and 10 epochs). Experimental results show that the accuracy of the clock with the linear regression prediction model using historical data with 10 epochs is 1.0 ns within 900 s. This is higher accuracy than that achieved using historical data of 2 epochs. Finally, the performance analysis for real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP) is provided using GFZ final clock prediction results and state space representation (SSR) clock prediction results when communication delay or connection breakdown occur. Experimental results show that the positioning accuracy without prediction is better than that with prediction in general, whether using the final clock product or the SSR clock product. For the final clock product, the positioning accuracy in the north (N), east (E), and up (U) directions is better than 10.0 cm with all visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 15.0 cm to 7.0 cm. For the SSR clock product, the positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions is better than 12.0 cm with visible GNSS satellites with prediction. In comparison, the 3D positioning accuracy of N, E, and U directions with visible GNSS satellites whose prediction accuracy is better than 0.1 ns using historical data of 10 epochs is improved from 12.0 cm to 9.0 cm.     

导弹球窝喷管电动伺服系统摩擦积分自适应补偿控制

针对导弹球窝喷管电动伺服系统中存在摩擦非线性问题,提出一种基于改进稳态Lugre摩擦模型的摩擦积分自适应补偿控制策略。建立基于Lugre摩擦模型的球窝喷管电动伺服系统运动学方程,并结合修正稳态Lugre摩擦模型完成伺服系统简化状态方程;采用反步设计方法,设计含摩擦积分补偿的非线性控制器,同时引入摩擦参数自适应律提高补偿精度,并通过设计Lyapunov函数保证系统全局渐近稳定性;开展了基于遗传算法稳态Lugre摩擦模型参数辨识,建立含摩擦模型的电动伺服系统仿真模型并验证了算法有效性,仿真试验结果表明,与传统PID控制相比,摩擦积分自适应补偿控制能较好地抑制波形畸变,提高了电动伺服系统低速跟踪性能。     

伺服阀滑阀副叠合量测试技术中的数据处理方法

介绍了伺服阀滑阀副叠合量的测试原理。将数理统计中的相关系数、一元线性回归、F检验等方法应用到了叠合量测试中的数据处理上。给出了伺服阀滑阀副小开口弯曲度的概念,为分析伺服阀滑阀副的小开口特性提供了依据。     

Quality variation of GPS satellite clocks on-orbit using IGS clock products

Over 60% clocks on board of the GPS satellites are working longer than their designed life. Therefore realizing their stabilities in a long time scales is essential to GPS navigation and positioning plus IGS time scale maintaining. IGS clock products from 2001 to 2010 are used to analyze the GPS satellite clock qualities such as frequency stabilities and clock noise level. We find out that for the clocks of Block IIA satellites the frequency stabilities and clock noise are 10 times worse than that of the Block IIR and IIR-M satellites. Moreover, the linear relationships between frequency stabilities and clock residuals have been deduced with an accuracy of better than 0.02 ns. Specially, it is noticed that the clock of the PRN27 is instable and the relationship between the frequency stability and residuals is at least a quadratic curve. Therefore, we suggested that GPS satellite clocks should be weighted by their quality levels in application, and the observations of the Block IIA should not be used for real-time positioning which required precision better than one meter.     

广义回归神经网络在卫星钟差短期预报中的应用

近年来,神经网络(Neural Network,简称NN)在非线性系统的预测方面取得了广泛的应用。考虑到卫星钟差包含了复杂的非线性因素,所以将一种新型神经网络-广义回归神经网络(Generalized Regression Neural Network,GRNN)应用于钟差预报中。采用“滑动窗”方式构建样本数据以提高数据利用率,为提高网络的泛化能力,利用K重交叉验证法(K-fold Cross-Validation)对网络进行训练学习,并根据最小均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error,RMSE)确定最优平滑因子。利用国际GNSS服务(International GNSS Service,IGS)公布的精密GPS卫星钟差数据进行预报实验,并与传统二次多项式模型对比分析。结果表明：GRNN模型在24h的预报跨度内的误差可达ns级,并较多项式模型有更好的稳定性;对于线性钟差,GRNN模型要逊于多项式模型,而对于非线性钟差,GRNN模型则明显优于多项式模型,初步验证了GRNN用于钟差预报的可行性、有效性以及实用性。