TE波入射渐变微波散射体散射场的计算

利用阵列分析技术和矩量法相结合的方法求解二维周期渐变形状角锥散射体的散射,导出TE波入射时散射场的表达式。计算了金属渐变角锥电磁散射的例子,给出二面角散射体的双站RCS和后向散射随频率变化的规律,以及给出完整散射体对TE波的散射截面。计算结果与商用软件计算所得的结果相吻合,表明该方法在工程运用上是可行的。     

飞机座舱缝隙结构行波分析

应用可视化图形电磁计算(GRECO)技术求解高频区复杂目标面元与棱边后向散射场.对低散射截面的座舱而言,行波效应往往贡献较为显著,在某些空域内行波值甚至超过面元与棱边贡献,通过GRECO与行波混合法分析座舱目标的电磁散射特性,并给出其雷达散射截面(RCS)值.      

动态桨叶RCS特性的实验研究

在微波暗室中测量了金属平板桨叶动态模型的高频雷达散射截面RCS(Radar Cross Section),并通过快速傅立叶变换FFT(Fast Fourier Transform)得到相应的频谱图;详细分析了时域和频域RCS随桨叶片数、雷达波入射方向、入射频率、极化状态和桨叶转速等因素的变化.实验结果表明主要特征是时域RCS呈周期性起伏,频谱图因前行桨叶与后行桨叶散射有差别而不对称,且频谱宽度反映了多普勒效应.取得的结果与已有文献的计算分析一致,对直升机的探测和识别具有重要的参考价值.      

三站雷达测量OSCAR-3卫星散射截面

在中国首次使用欧洲非相干散射雷达三站系统研究空间碎片.以美国OSCAR-3报废业余通信卫星的三站雷达探测散射截面为例,采用欧洲非相干散射雷达三站标准电离层实验模式,分析三站雷达目标散射截面的差异性.比较三站雷达的探测结果表明,Sodanky站雷达散射截面比Tromso站散射截面精度提高5倍;按照中国科学院国家天文台预报理论模型轨道计算,通过理论方向图修正雷达散射截面后,在不知道美国太空监测网所公布的数值时,Tromso站雷达散射截面具有参考价值.计算结果证实三站雷达能提供较为准确的雷达散射截面.      

极区中层夏季回波与频率关系的初步分析

研究不同频率的雷达体在不同时间和地点测量的极区中层夏季回波(Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes,PMSE)体反射率,发现雷达体反射率与工作频率的4次方成反比,即产生PMSE回波的散射体的雷达散射截面与频率的4次方成反比,这种频率依赖关系不同于传统湍流理论.最后提出了PMSE实验和理论研究的新方法.      

一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型

电离层场向不规则体散射具有很强的方向性, 利用电离层场向不规则体散 射进行VHF频段超视距通信时, 需要准确可靠地确定其散射分布特性及路径损 耗等参数. 基于电离层不规则体场向散射的特点, 以地球地磁场为坐标系统, 提出了一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型, 该模型能够计算前向和后 向散射链路的路径损耗分布、时延展宽和相干带宽等参数, 同时运用该模型对 雷达横向截面的计算结果与已有文献的数据结果进行对比, 证明了该模型的准确性. 该模型能够计算电离层场向不规则体VHF频段的散射分布及路径损耗等参数, 为VHF散射通信链路的设计、布站提供依据和技术指导.      

一种GTD模型参数估计的改进2D-TLS-ESPRIT算法

针对经典二维总体最小二乘法旋转不变子空间（2D-TLS-ESPRIT）算法估计二维几何绕射理论（GTD）模型参数精度不高、抗噪性能较差这一问题，提出了一种改进2D-TLS-ESPRIT算法。首先，改进算法通过将目标的极化散射矩阵加入到二维GTD散射中心模型，使得模型对目标极化散射特征的描述更加精准；其次，构建置换矩阵得到原始回波矩阵的共轭矩阵，并将两者结合起来，从而延长了目标电磁散射数据的长度；最后，仿真结果验证了改进算法的参数估计性能与噪声鲁棒性均要优于同类已有算法，雷达散射截面积（RCS）外推结果进一步验证了改进算法参数估计性能的先进性。      

电磁散射场和雷达散射截面积的计算

计算了绕二维物体的时域电磁散射场的空间分布和雷达散射截面积 (RCS).通常的电磁场计算是频域的,采用高频计算方法,而流场计算是时域的.由于以研究流场--电磁场优化设计计算为目的,需要统一采用时域计算,因此重点采用矢通量分裂法这种时域方法计算了RCS ,通过将特征值分裂为正负两部分,抑制了各自的误差.此外,采用LaxWendroff方法作为对照.两种方法的结果一致.     

进动锥体目标散射特性仿真及实验分析

目标微动及结构参数的获取有助于弹道目标的识别。准确获得进动锥体目标散射特性的时频分布(TFD)、一维距离像及二维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)像分布是获取锥体目标微动及结构参数的关键。分析了进动锥体在窄带及宽带条件下的目标散射特性,总结了锥体目标强散射源在时频分布、距离像序列和ISAR像序列中的理论表现形式,并分析了存在锥面镜面散射时锥体目标散射特性,构建了进动锥体目标电磁回波仿真方法及微波暗室动态测试系统,通过仿真及测试数据得到了典型条件下锥体目标的散射特性,对比表明仿真及测试结果均与本文散射特性理论分布相一致,说明了本文所提散射特性理论分布与散射特性分析方法的正确性,可为分析弹道目标散射特性研究提供参考。      

On the initial perturbation of mesospheric dust associated irregularities by high powered radio waves

Important observational manifestations of subvisible mesospheric dust are Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes (PMSEs) which are produced by scattering from electron irregularities produced by dust charging. It has been observed that the PMSE strength can be artificially modified by using a ground-based ionospheric heating facility to perturb the electron irregularity source region that is believed to produce PMSE. Recently it has become evident that significant diagnostic information may be available about the dust layer from the temporal behavior of the electron irregularities during the heating process which modifies the background electron temperature. Particularly interesting and important periods of the temporal behavior are during the turn-on and turn-off of the radio wave heating. Most past theoretical models and experimental investigations have concentrated primarily on the later period. The objective here is to consider the temporal behavior and possibilities for diagnostic information available during the turn-on period of the radio wave. First, approximate analytical models are developed and compared to a more accurate full computational model as a reference. Then from the temporal behavior of the electron irregularities during the turn-on of the radio wave, the analytical models are used to obtain possible diagnostic information for various charged dust and background plasma quantities.     

Simulation and analysis of chemical release in the ionosphere

Ionospheric inhomogeneous plasma produced by single point chemical release has simple space-time structure, and cannot impact radio wave frequencies higher than Very High Frequency (VHF) band. In order to produce more complicated ionospheric plasma perturbation structure and trigger instabilities phenomena, multiple-point chemical release scheme is presented in this paper. The effects of chemical release on low latitude ionospheric plasma are estimated by linear instability growth rate theory that high growth rate represents high irregularities, ionospheric scintillation occurrence probability and high scintillation intension in scintillation duration. The amplitude scintillations and the phase scintillations of 150?MHz, 400?MHz, and 1000?MHz are calculated based on the theory of multiple phase screen (MPS), when they propagate through the disturbed area.     

E region electric fields at the dip equator and anomalous conductivity effects

Zonal and vertical electric fields were estimated at E region heights in the Brazilian sector. Zonal electric fields are obtained from the vertical electric fields based on their relation through the Hall-to-Pedersen ionospheric conductivities ratio. The technique for obtaining the vertical electric field is based on its proportionality to the Doppler velocities of type 2 irregularities as detected by coherent radars. The 50 MHz backscatter coherent (RESCO) radar was used to estimate the Doppler velocities of the type 2 irregularities embedded in the equatorial electrojet. A magnetic field-line integrated conductivity model was developed to provide the conductivities. It considers a multi-species ionosphere and a multi-species neutral atmosphere, and uses the IRI 2007, the MISIS 2000 and the IGRF 10 models as input parameters for ionosphere, neutral atmosphere and Earth’s magnetic field, respectively. The ion-neutral collision frequencies of all the species are combined through the momentum transfer collision frequency equation, and different percentages of electron-neutral collisions were artificially included for studying the implication of such increase in the zonal electric field, which resulted ranging from 0.13 to 0.49 mV/m between the 8 and 18 h (LT), under quiet magnetic conditions.     

基于多仪器观测的中国中纬区域MSTID长距离传播事件研究

电离层等离子体不规则结构通常会影响星地卫星的通信、导航及定位等,因此研究不规则体的结构特征和演化过程具有非常重要的科学意义和应用价值。中尺度电离层行进式扰动（MSTID）是一种常发于F层的电离层扰动,其演化过程十分复杂。本文利用伊春和兴隆台站全天空气辉成像仪、Swarm卫星、佳木斯高频雷达以及漠河和十三陵台站数字测高仪观测数据,对2018年10月17日夜间出现在中国东北区域上空的MSTID事件进行分析。该MSTID事件传播时间较长,在气辉观测中持续时间超过4 h（12:02－16:23 UT）,其波长范围为176.3～322.5 km,波速范围为67.0～154.1 m·s–1。研究结果显示,该MSTID可能产生于较高的纬度,自东北向西南往中纬传播,依次经过伊春和兴隆台站的气辉观测区域。      

导弹的RCS计算研究

 综合应用高频RCS分析方法,包括物理光学法、几何绕射理论、物理绕射理论和等效电磁流法等计算了导弹各种散射源如平板、圆柱、二次曲面、边缘等的RCS.结合计算行波和二面角散射的经验公式,计算了导弹整体的RCS.计算结果与测试结果吻合较好,表明如果对目标的散射源分析正确、模拟准确,高频方法的计算结果可以满足工程分析的需要.其主要散射源在头向为雷达天线或红外导引头,在侧向为弹翼之间的二面角以及弹身、弹翼.     

一种方形腔体的目标散射特性及测量方法

雷达散射截面(RCS)是评价飞机隐身性能的重要指标，进气道对飞机的RCS有较大贡献，研究飞机进气道的散射有重要意义。相对于普通凸表面类型目标，进气道属于腔体，在远场条件计算、测量系统配置方面都需根据自身特有的散射机理做相应调整。借鉴矩形波导与远场关系理论，分析进气道等腔体类型目标的散射规律，判断进气道散射只与口面场有关。以一种方形腔体为例，采用几何光学法进行定量回波分析，通过电磁仿真软件FEKO进行仿真计算验证理论推导的正确性。在紧缩场和普通远场2种环境下，对腔体目标进行RCS对比测量研究。数值计算和实验测量的结果表明:对进气道等腔体类目标进行散射测量时，测试场仅需保证口面尺寸满足远场条件即可，但是测量系统需要具备2~5倍进气道长度的测量能力。      

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

Observations of ionospheric irregularities and its correspondence with sporadic e occurrence over South Korea and Japan

This study analyzed the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities over South Korea and Japan (mid-latitudes) during the years 2010–2015. The irregularities were quantified using the rate of change of total electron content (TEC) index (ROTI), which detects irregularities with scale sizes in the range of 400 m–2.5 km. The ROTI threshold for an ionospheric irregularity to have occurred was set as 0.1 TECU/min. Results showed that ionospheric irregularities mostly occur during night-time and around local noon-time in the seasons of spring and summer. In addition, the percentage of ionospheric irregularities had a high positive correlation with solar flux (F10.7) (r > 0.72). For the first time, we showed good correspondence between ionospheric irregularities measured by the ROTI index and sporadic E (Es). The median ROTI associated with ionospheric irregularities over a South Korea station (DAEJ) and a Japan station (KGNI) were 0.131 and 0.125 TECU/min, respectively. However, in severe cases of ionospheric irregularities, the ROTI values over DAEJ (KGNI) can reach 0.246 (0.217) and 0.314 (0.339) TECU/min during day and night, respectively. These critical ROTI values can be important in interpreting and monitoring ionospheric irregularity occurrence over South Korea and Japan.