匹配滤波方法在非相干散射雷达测量空间碎片中的应用

利用2010年3月25日欧洲非相干散射雷达的常规电离层探测数据, 分析了实测数据中接收功率突变的现象. 高度发生在500 km以上的功率突变一般不是由于地球物理影响产生的, 而要归因于卫星或空间碎片. 采用匹配滤波方法实现了对空间碎片的探测和提取, 利用相干积累的方法提高了信噪比, 共获得363个碎片, 得到了碎片随高度和时间的分布. 结果表明, 碎片高度分布主要集中在800 km左右, 与欧洲非相干散射组织现有的碎片数据具有一致性.      

北极69°N和78°N空间碎片凝视探测的对比分析

利用北极69°N和78°N两套非相干散射雷达的首次空间碎片联合观测数据进行空间碎片参数（距离、速度、散射截面积、等效直径等）的对比分析,得出以下结论:两部雷达探测的碎片高度均主要分布在500～1100km和1400～1600km区间,但78°N雷达探测的碎片数量较多;空间碎片的径向速度均在-1.5～1.5km…-1区间,其中大部分为负值,说明在此次探测试验中碎片运动方向主要以远离雷达或地球为主;ESR雷达探测的空间碎片射截面积约为10-5～10-2m2,等效直径主要分布在4～10cm,而UHF雷达探测的空间碎片散射截面积约为10-6～10-2m2,等效直径主要分布在2～6cm,说明在同一高度上69°N雷达探测能力更强;经合理设置判据参数后得出重复检测次数,78°N雷达和69°N雷达分别有32次和14次重复检测,两部雷达共有4次重复检测.这些结果为空间碎片检测和建模提供了参考.      

非相干散射雷达的空间碎片参数统计分析

采用匹配滤波方法处理了非相干散射雷达的原始采样数据(时长约7h), 共检测到394个空间碎片, 估算了其轨道高度、径向速度、散射截面、等效直径及径向加速度等参数, 统计分析了这些参数的变化特征, 得到穿过雷达 波束的空间碎片流量约为60h-1, 信噪比为10～1000, 空间碎片主要分布在600～1100km和1400～1600km两个高度区间, 散射截面 10-5～10-2m2, 等效直径3～10cm, 径向速度-1.5～1.5km·s-1, 径向加速度20～90m·s-2, 这对于中国的空间碎片探测与研究具有重要参考意义.      

基于不同角域RCS均值的雷达探测模型

针对目标在不同方位角的雷达散射截面积(RCS,Radar Cross Section)差异较大的情况,提出了一种基于目标不同角域内RCS均值的单部雷达探测概率模型及雷达网综合探测概率模型.计算机仿真平台中采用了两套不同的RCS取值方案:取单个RCS均值;根据探测方位角取不同角域内的RCS均值.两套方案所得探测概率差异表明:该模型符合雷达从不同方位角探测到目标的RCS差异较大的实际情况,计算所得探测概率更为精确.      

一种测量雷达散射截面参数现场校准方法

雷达散射截面参数是测量雷达一项非常重要的技术指标,该参数的准确性直接影响雷达对被测目标隐身能力的判定。基于雷达散射截面参数有源定标技术、高精度雷达散射截面模拟控制技术、高稳定雷达散射截面回波信号合成技术等,实现对雷达散射截面参数的动态精确模拟,从而对测量雷达散射截面参数进行校准,通过外场条件下的量值传递,解决了测量雷达散射截面参数有源定标问题。     

大功率雷达探测地球大气

本文扼要回顾大功率雷达(非相干散射雷达及MST雷达)探测地球大气有关的主要问题,包括探测技术的进化发展及主要探测成果。      

机翼的雷达散射截面计算

飞机雷达散射特性是影响飞机生存力的重要因素之一。在镜面反射得到控制后，机翼成为影响飞机雷达散射特性的重要散射源。利用物理光学和物理绕射理论计算翼的雷达散射截面。在计算中不仅考虑了机翼表面和后缘尖劈的散射，而且也考虑了由于面分块造成翼面不连续而形成的尖劈散射。     

两种隐身飞机模型的雷达散射特性测试与分析

对2种隐身飞机的仿真模型进行了雷达散射特性测试与分析.其所采取的隐身措施是:控制散射波峰的方向与数量,增大占位比,表面金属化,三倾斜式进气道及舵面缝隙菱形槽设计.主要结果和结论是:2种隐身飞机在头向附近的雷达散射截面(RCS)不大于5?dB·m²,说明现代战斗机非常重视头向的隐身.减少强散射方向的数目有利于飞机隐身.垂尾倾斜后与机身或机翼仍构成不完整的二面角具有较强散射.采取隐身措施总的效果是使飞机重要的头向和侧向暴露距离减小、总体可探测范围减小、少数方向暴露距离大但范围窄.     

飞机座舱缝隙结构行波分析

应用可视化图形电磁计算(GRECO)技术求解高频区复杂目标面元与棱边后向散射场.对低散射截面的座舱而言,行波效应往往贡献较为显著,在某些空域内行波值甚至超过面元与棱边贡献,通过GRECO与行波混合法分析座舱目标的电磁散射特性,并给出其雷达散射截面(RCS)值.      

基于电离层加热的人工沿场散射RCS估计

在电离层加热理论研究和试验研究的基础上, 根据F层散射体的特征和不均匀体散射理论, 建立了人工沿场散射(AFAS)中散射体的散射截面积数学模型. 通过与国际上理论结果对比, 证明了模型的适用性. 利用模型估算了中国人工沿场散射通信中, 通信频段在20~100 MHz时散射体的散射截面积, 结果显示, 甚高频率(VHF)的低端可达80 dB•m2. 另外, 通过计算验证了雷达波束垂直地磁场方向时可获得最大散射截面积的理论.      

Electron density inversed by plasma lines induced by suprathermal electron in the ionospheric modification experiment

Incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is the most powerful ground-based measurement facility to study the ionosphere. The plasma lines are not routinely detected by the incoherent scatter radar due to the low intensity, which falls below the measured spectral noise level of the incoherent scatter radar. The plasma lines are occasionally enhanced by suprathermal electrons through the Landau damping process and detectable to the incoherent scatter radar. In this study, by using the European Incoherent Scatter Association (EISCAT) UHF incoherent scatter radar, the experiment observation presents that the enhanced plasma lines were observed. These plasma lines were considered as manifest of the suprathermal electrons generated by the high-frequency heating wave during the ionospheric modification. The electron density profile is also obtained from the enhanced plasma lines. This study can be a promising technique for obtaining the accurate electron density during ionospheric modification experiment.     

基于窄带雷达RCS序列的空间目标尺寸估计

从窄带雷达横截面积(RCS)序列中提取目标尺寸特征对空间目标的分类识别具有重要价值. 本文在研究椭球体RCS序列特性的基础上, 提出了一种空间目标形状估计方法, 并进一步研究了空间目标尺寸估计问题, 提出了一种新的尺寸估计方法. 实测数据的验证表明, 该方法能有效估计卫星、碎片等空间目标的形状和二维尺寸.      

Debris flux comparisons from the Goldstone Radar,Haystack Radar,and Hax Radar prior,during, and after the last solar maximum

The continual monitoring of the low Earth orbit (LEO) debris environment using highly sensitive radars is essential for an accurate characterization of these dynamic populations. Debris populations are continually evolving since there are new debris sources, previously unrecognized debris sources, and debris loss mechanisms that are dependent on the dynamic space environment. Such radar data are used to supplement, update, and validate existing orbital debris models. NASA has been utilizing radar observations of the debris environment for over a decade from three complementary radars: the NASA JPL Goldstone radar, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory (MIT/LL) Long Range Imaging Radar (known as the Haystack radar), and the MIT/LL Haystack Auxiliary radar (HAX). All of these systems are highly sensitive radars that operate in a fixed staring mode to statistically sample orbital debris in the LEO environment. Each of these radars is ideally suited to measure debris within a specific size region. The Goldstone radar generally observes objects with sizes from 2 mm to 1 cm. The Haystack radar generally measures from 5 mm to several meters. The HAX radar generally measures from 2 cm to several meters. These overlapping size regions allow a continuous measurement of cumulative debris flux versus diameter from 2 mm to several meters for a given altitude window. This is demonstrated for all three radars by comparing the debris flux versus diameter over 200 km altitude windows for 3 nonconsecutive years from 1998 to 2003. These years correspond to periods before, during, and after the peak of the last solar cycle. Comparing the year to year flux from Haystack for each of these altitude regions indicate statistically significant changes in subsets of the debris populations. Potential causes of these changes are discussed. These analysis results include error bars that represent statistical sampling errors.     

Effects of variations of geomagnetic field on VLF waves induced by beating of two HF waves

Beat wave (BW) high frequency (HF) ionospheric heating experiments were conducted to generate very low frequency (VLF) waves. The VLF waves were registered with a VLF receiver located ～15?km east of the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) heating facility in Tromsø, Norway. A fluxgate magnetometer was used to monitor auroral electrojet current, and ionospheric conditions were measured using a Dynasonde. Correlation coefficients between VLF amplitudes and the deviation of geomagnetic north–south components were calculated. Experimental results show that strong and positive correlation exists the majority of the time, but sometimes no correlation or even a negative correlation occurred. This is consistent with similar past experiments that took place with exclusively AM generation. These results therefore support the conclusion that BW generation of VLF waves is no different than with AM, likely occurring in the D or lower E ionospheric region.     

The accuracy of ionogram-derived N(h) profiles

At the Millstone Hill station the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) and a Digisonde 256 are simultaneously operating. Some characteristic true heights determined by both instruments are compared with each other, possible reasons for observed difference are indicated.