Lorentz力的大小和作用位置对翼型绕流及升力和阻力的影响

分布在弱电介质溶液中的电磁力(Lorentz力),可以有效地控制边界层的流动,且Lorentz力的大小、方向以及作用位置可根据实际需要来调整。在转动水槽中,通过示踪粒子流场显示以及升力和阻力的测试,对Lorentz力对翼型绕流以及升力和阻力的影响进行了实验研究,并利用拟压缩方法数值求解贴体坐标中的控制方程,对实验中的相应问题进行数值研究。基于实验和计算结果,对电磁力控制时的Lorentz力的大小以及作用位置对翼型绕流和升、阻力的影响及其内在原因进行了讨论。     

电磁力控制翼型失速的实验研究

将条状电极和磁极交错布置的电磁场激活板置于弱电解质溶液中,在流体边界层上产生具有明显分布特征的电磁力（Lorentz力）,利用电磁力可以改变流体边界层的结构,控制边界层的流动脱落与分离,可以增加翼型升力,减少其阻力,实现对翼型失速的控制。利用电磁力控制流体边界层的方法属流体主动控制方法之一。本文首先基于电磁场和流体的基本方程,对置于弱电解质中的不同极板宽度的电磁激活板周围的电磁场及产生的Lorentz力进行了数值模拟;其次,通过实验来验证此方法的有效性。将包覆有电磁激活板的翼型置于弱电解质溶液中,利用基于TMS320F2812（DSP芯片）组建的翼型失速实验控制系统来灵活改变翼型的迎角和转速,测量升力和阻力的变化;实验结果表明,正向电磁力能够有效地抑制和延缓翼型失速现象的发生。     

后缘锯齿襟翼对翼型气动特性的影响研究

针对在翼型后缘增加锯齿襟翼与格尼襟翼的差异性,以及二者对翼型的空气动力特性有何改善等问题,在某民用运输机机翼翼型下表面后缘处增加锯齿襟翼,对其进行了空气动力特性试验和计算。结果表明,增加一定高度的后缘锯齿襟翼,能够减弱和改变翼型下表面后缘处气流的流动,从而减少和改变翼型下表面尾涡的涡量和涡量变化率,达到增加翼型升力、减小翼型阻力的目的。     

Mini-TED改变翼型跨声速性能的数值分析

用数值方法对比分析了NACA0012翼型在微小后缘装置(Mini-TED)打开前后跨声速气动性能的变化,并对其增升机理进行了初步分析。数值结果表明,Mini-TED可以将翼型上表面激波位置大幅度后移,大大提高翼型的升力。在小迎角条件下,Mini-TED后面存在一个由3个旋涡构成的稳定流动结构,正是这个旋涡结构改变了后缘库塔条件,导致上翼面激波位置的变化,进而大幅度提高了升力。当迎角增加后,后缘旋涡结构中的一个旋涡逐渐上移并与激波诱导的分离区合并,从而加速了翼型上表面分离。由于Mini-TED使得迎风面积增加,因而导致升力和阻力同时大幅上升,但总体上看仍然能够大幅度提高升阻比,证明Mini-TED后缘设计是一种极有潜力的新型高升力装置。     

昆虫级褶皱翼型的滑翔气动特性

为了研究褶皱翼型上、下表面分别对气动力的影响,在弦长雷诺数为1200,攻角为0°~20°时,采用有限体积法研究了褶皱翼型、光滑翼型、上表面光滑的褶皱翼型和下表面光滑的褶皱翼型的滑翔气动特性.结果表明:在一定攻角范围内,褶皱翼型的升力系数较光滑翼型提高了10%;只要翼型下表面是褶皱的,产生的升力总大于下表面是光滑的,下表面褶皱对升力的提高具有更大作用;在大攻角下,光滑的上表面更有利于提高升力;在任何攻角时,上、下表面褶皱对阻力影响很小.      

基于代理模型的自适应后缘翼型气动优化设计

针对具有自适应后缘的跨声速翼型,基于代理模型和遗传算法相结合的优化方法,开展考虑自适应后缘结构约束的翼型气动优化设计研究。结果表明,低升力系数下翼面流场没有明显的能量损失,不同设计升力系数得到的自适应后缘翼型阻力相差不大;高升力系数下翼面附近存在激波,翼型阻力主要由激波强度决定。对于以低升力系数为设计点的基本翼型,通过后缘自适应变弯来调整载荷分布,可以降低翼面激波强度,减小翼型阻力;对于以高升力系数为设计点的基本翼型,可以直接通过气动优化来消除翼面激波,使得翼型阻力达到最小。因此对于带有自适应后缘的翼型,为了实现宽升力系数范围内的阻力最小,应首先以高升力系数为设计点完成基本翼型的气动优化设计,然后以低升力系数为设计点完成自适应后缘外形的气动优化设计。     

低雷诺数下层流分离的等离子体控制

为有效控制层流分离特性,消除或减弱低雷诺数时小迎角下的升力非线性现象,改善翼型升力特性,并通过翼型的上表面转捩带与油流显示测量对等离子体激励控制机理进行阐述,对厚度为16%椭圆翼型低雷诺数下的气动特性进行了风洞试验研究。在此基础上,在上表面前缘10%弦长处布置激励器,通过压力分布测量观察等离子体激励对层流分离的影响。试验结果表明：当翼型上表面仅发生层流分离时,等离子体激励和转捩带的作用类似,可以有效延迟或者消除后缘层流分离,从而增加升力;当翼型上表面出现层流分离气泡并发生再附现象时,等离子体可以有效减小或者消除层流分离泡的范围,从而减小升力;通过控制层流分离,占空循环等离子体激励可以实现对低雷诺数小迎角下的升力的线性控制。     

二维襟翼吹气控制的数值模拟

合理设计机翼翼型、前缘缝翼和后缘襟翼是飞机增升设计的重要手段,本文主要研究二雏襟翼吹气对翼型升力的影响。吹气襟翼的工作原理是,当襟翼偏转角较大时,由于翼面上表面的气流分离,此时达不到附着流所预计的升力值,可以在襟翼上表面进行吹气控制,吹除后缘的涡流而增大升力,得到预计的升力曲线。本文以NACA23018翼型为基础研究对象,采用非结构网格,在襟翼向下偏转角度45度的情况下,进行襟翼上表面的吹气效应数值模拟与流动控制机理的研究,结果表明此情况下襟翼上表面的吹气控制达到了增加升力和抑制分离的目的。     

Gao-Yong模型用于吹气环量控制翼型的研究

应用Gao-Yong湍流模型模拟了吹气对翼型表面分离流控制的影响.结果表明,该模型不仅能够对翼型绕流的分离点、表面压力分布、升阻特性等做出较好预测,而且还能模拟出控制分离的吹气效果:①有效消除翼面分离涡;②"裹携"翼面来流进一步提高升力系数.提高吹气动量系数,升力曲线上移的幅度也相应增加;而吹气角度对吹气射流"裹携"作用的强弱也有一定的影响,当吹气方向相对于翼弦偏上时,吹气射流"裹携"来流与消除分离涡的作用增强,升力提升更为明显.      

襟翼表面粗糙度对多段翼型升力的影响

在襟翼上表面填充多孔吸声材料,虽然缝道的噪声有所降低,但翼型升力系数也有较大损失。为了确定是否因多孔材料造成翼面粗糙度增加而降低了升力系数,也为了进一步确定数值模拟中粗糙表面简化模型的适用性,通过风洞试验和数值模拟进行研究。数值模拟采用沿流向三角形凸起模拟吸声材料的粗糙度,采用ANSYS-Fluent的二维模块、非结构网格和k-ωSST湍流模型进行计算。风洞试验在某NF-3低速翼型风洞中完成,采用等弦长的二维测压模型,光滑模型表面是通过在吸声材料上覆盖光滑薄膜实现的。结果表明:可以采用沿流向三角形凸起模拟吸声材料的粗糙度对升力特性的影响;吸声材料的粗糙度影响翼型的升力系数。因此,若通过吸声材料降低缝道流动噪声,需要进一步研究吸声性能好且表面比较光滑的材料/结构。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

The intersection of a Loxodrome with a great circle

The intersections of a loxodrome (rhumb line) and a great circle are of interest for some navigational problems, but a closed-form solution cannot be formulated. An algorithm is given for computing approximations to any desired degree of accuracy using Newton's method. By using the equatorial angle φ as an independent variable all solutions can be found rapidly using the modest computational capabilities of a personal computer     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.