大型民用客机管制与监视系统验证与测试平台的构建

目的在于研发大型民用客机航路管制与监视系统验证与测试平台,以实现机地数据通信系统环境下的航路管制与监视信息的数据地面接收和处理;同时,依照现有的空管航路管制与监视功能的国际标准和相关区域的运行要求,实现地面管制系统向机载系统的数据发布。该项研究成果能对口飞机机载数据链相关的ATC(Air Traffic Control空中交通管制)功能和部分监视功能ADS-C(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract合同式自动相关监视)、ADS-B(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast广播式自动相关监视),提供对应的地面收发端,监控机载系统数据状态。该成果可以配合飞机研发过程中的试验和排故,并为适航验证工作提供有力的准备和支持。     

大型民用客机管制与监视系统验证及测试平台的构建

研发大型民用客机航路管制与监视系统验证及测试平台,从而实现机地数据通信系统环境下的航路管制与监视信息的数据地面接收和处理;同时,依照现有的空管航路管制与监视功能的国际标准和相关区域的运行要求,实现地面管制系统向机载系统的数据发布。该项研究成果能对口飞机机载数据链相关的ATC(Air Traffic Control,空中交通管制)功能和部分监视功能ADS-C(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract,合同式自动相关监视)、ADS-B(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,广播式自动相关监视),提供对应的地面收发端,监控机载系统数据状态。     

一种基于ADS-B、WAM和雷达的组合监视方法及其架构

978MHz的广播式自动相关监视系统(ADS-B)技术在通用航空空管领域有广泛应用。中国民航飞行学院在我国首次应用ADS-B系统。从2005年至今,中国民航学院的所有5个机场建立了地面基站,150架飞机加装了机载ADS-B系统,系统运转良好,极大地提高了训练飞行的安全性和空域的利用率。为保证系统数据的精度和完整性,本文介绍了一种方法,即实现多种导航覆盖的ADS-B、广域多点相关系统(WAMLAT)和雷达监视的组合方法,以提高空中交通监视的可靠性,满足空中交通监视所需的导航精度、导航完整性和监视完整性要求。这种综合构型监视方法,将有助于推动多监视源的应用。     

Polish radar technology

Polish radar research and development since 1953 is reviewed, covering the development and production of surveillance radars, height finders, tracking radars, air traffic control (ATC) radars and systems, and marine and Doppler radars. Some current work, including an L-band ATC radar for enroute control, a weather channel for primary surveillance radar, signal detection in non-Gaussian clutter, adaptive MTI filters and postdetection filtering, and a basic approach to radar polarimetry, is examined.<>     

Data link communication equipment approved by USAF for civil air traffic control

Operations within civil airspace will transition from traditional ground-based air traffic control (ATC) to air traffic management (ATM), a concept that requires aircrews and ground managers to share responsibility of aircraft separation assurance. Increased levels of information exchange will be necessary for this concept to work safely; therefore, air-ground communications will transition from voice to data link communications. The nature of data link communications procurement requires that avionics suppliers not only verify their products meet contractual performance requirements, but also demonstrate that their products are compatible with civil communication networks and ATC. In addition, the USAF needs to demonstrate that their crew-training program is adequate to maintain the required level of aircrew proficiency and equipment can be maintained for the required level of system performance, integrity, and interoperability with the civil environment. This paper outlines some of the certification issues facing the USAF with respect to the "Approval for Use" of data link equipment to be used for communication with ATC. It will also suggest a methodology for the avionics supplier and USAF to obtain the approvals required to ensure the installation of data link communications equipment on military aircraft will remain interoperable with civil ATC.     

Broadcasting of a Digitally Coded List of Transponder Equipped Aircraft Scanned by FAA Ground Radars as a Means of Collision Avoidance, Navigation, Air Traffic Structuring, and Airfield Approach

An air traffic control system is proposed in which 1) all aircraft are equipped wit transponders, 2) FAA radar sites broadcast a digitally coded list of the identity, altitude, and coordinates of aircraft scanned, 3) each aircraft on receiving this list converts it into a PPI display with the blip of that aircraft branded and blips of off-altitude aircraft blanked, and 4) superimposed on this display are projected maps of airways appropriate to the particular radar and the aircraft altitude. This system could provide a fairly complete capability for air traffic control, structuring, navigation, and collision avoidance at a cost of about 3000 dollars per aircraft. It would replace most navigational and communication equipment now in use and could be operational in several years.     

扫描模式航管监视雷达风电场杂波检测与抑制

近年来,全球风力发电装机容量呈指数增长。研究表明,风轮机对其附近的航管(ATC)监视雷达会产生严重影响。风轮机杂波的有效检测及抑制,对于保证空中交通安全具有重要意义。首先提出了基于回波谱宽特征的航管监视雷达的风轮机杂波检测方法。针对扫描模式下航管监视雷达频谱分辨率较低的问题,将基于自回归(AR)模型的超分辨率方法和质量中心的概念应用于雷达回波的快速谱宽和谱中心估计算法中,提高谱宽估计的精度。其次针对扫描模式下的风轮机回波数据不是一个完整周期数据的问题,基于缺省数据幅度和相位估计(GAPES)算法实现了扫描模式下风轮机雷达回波缺省数据的估计,而后利用风轮机杂波的周期性抑制风轮机杂波。该算法实现了风轮机杂波的有效检测和抑制,并且其不受限于风轮机与飞机目标在同一个距离单元的情况。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

航空器通信寻址报告系统数据处理技术研究

在实时追踪航空器动态的各类信息中,航空器通信寻址报告系统(ACARS)数据的精度和更新速度虽然无法和空管雷达相比,但其作用距离远、信息内容丰富的优点对空中交通管理尤为重要。由于目前国内民航采用的ACARS数据处理系统全部是引进美国ARINC公司的产品,极大地的限制了ACARS数据的应用。本文将尝试研究ACARS数据处理技术,以期对开发中国自己的数据处理系统做出贡献。     

Review of Airport Surface Movement Radar Technology

Runway incursion is defined by the FAA as "any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person or object on the ground that creates collision hazard or results in a loss of separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing or intending to land." A summary of how severe this problem is can be found in a 2001 hearing before the Subcommittee on Aviation. Surface movement radar (SMR) technology has evolved over the years as part of an effort to mitigate runway incursion risks and enhance airport capacity. Surface movement surveillance systems of various types have been installed in major airports as early as the 1960s, and have kept evolving. The most recent system currently being deployed in the US by the FAA is the airport surface movement detection equipment model X (ASDE-X) system. In this system, unlike previous systems, the surface movement radar is just one of several sensors that are used in addition to transponder multilateration and GPS-based position reports, referred to as automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast or ADS-B; however, the SMR is a key subsystem. This paper contains an overview of the state-of-the-art SMR technology and provides an introduction on the use of radar technology for this commercial application. It focuses on the architecture, characteristics and technology of the radar sensor, the characteristics of the clutter and how it affects the performance, effects of multipath, automatic detection and comparison of several sensor architectures. Sensis Corporation has recently completed the testing of a new, improved SMR, which is now part of ASDE-X system. This paper summarizes the main features of this radar     

Federal Radionavigation Plan-pie in the sky for civil aviation?

The Federal Radionavigation Plan states that all present navigation and landing guidance facilities will be retired starting in 2005, and full dependence for these functions will be placed on augmented GPS. Once this is implemented, civil aviation will be totally vulnerable to terrorist jamming of the GPS signals over wide earth areas with widespread disruption of air traffic and potential disasters. It has become apparent that the use of GPS/GNSS is complex and expensive for the required civil aviation functions. It is clear that a different system form is needed for civil aviation, a redundant satellite/ground based system that will prevent it from being a jamming target while providing ATC surveillance, area navigation, collision warning/avoidance, high-speed data link and Category I landing guidance globally, plus precision Category III guidance in the terminal areas as needed. Such a system will be described     

空管飞行冲突分析与模拟系统设计实现

随着民用航空的发展，空中交通流量加大，飞行冲突增加，空中交通管制部门的工作难度提高。目前国内还没有一套便捷的系统用于对空管飞行冲突进行分析，仍采用人工方式评估，效率较低。介绍了一套基于普通计算机的飞行冲突评估系统，重点介绍对雷达信息的转存和处理，及对冲突目标的分析和模拟，实现利用计算机的精确、高效特性解决管制工作中遇到的分析、评估和培训问题。     

Data communications concept for a SATS scenario

The small aircraft transportation system (SATS) concept envisions doorstop to destination transportation in a safe and timely manner. Data communications are a key component in achieving the aviation-related operational performance improvements that are sought. However, data communication doesn't start when you get into the aircraft; it starts back at the location where the flight is planned. In fact, data communications support the pilot in all phases of the flight: flight planning, pre-flight, departure, en route, transition, approach, landing, and rollout as well as for a missed approach. The Internet is being used to perform flight planning activities, and the mobile communications available today support Internet access en route to the departure airfield. On-board the aircraft, data communications provide surveillance and air traffic control (ATC) support to the pilot. The location of other aircraft is available to the pilot and ATC system through automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) and traffic information service-broadcast (TIS-B) applications that transmit the location of other aircraft in the vicinity. Other aircraft locations are used to forecast potential conflicts and, thus, enhance flight safety. As the aircraft nears a SATS-equipped airfield, the pilot uses data link messages to request a landing sequence. The airport management module (AMM) provides a landing sequence assignment to the aircraft. As the pilot maneuvers the aircraft for a landing, he/she is using data-linked surveillance data to determine the location of other aircraft and maintain a safe separation distance between aircraft even in a low visibility environment.     

DGPS-based aircraft flight guidance/test system

The utilization of the GPS system for Aircraft Flight Guidance/Test (AFGT) is a research project in China. The paper describes the concepts and the technical realization of such a system, including three components: ground subsystem, on-board subsystem and data communication link using TDMA technique. The purpose of the proposed AFGT system is to calibrate and verify performance of an on-board radar. Therefore, it must meet the requirements of evaluation of radar performances in several areas: accuracy, coverage range, and others. The AFGT System's displays are separately: a Moving Colored Digital Map on which flight trajectories, waypoints, and heights of aircrafts are clearly marked; and a Polar Coordinate Figure on which the bearings, headings, and distances of aircrafts relative to the origin of the ground control center are shown. The AFGT may monitor and guide several aircrafts flying in the pointed airspace. It support airport surface surveillance and air traffic control at the terminal area. A real-time software package RTTEST, which includes tracking display software and on-flight test software for radar evaluation, has conducted simulation with satisfactory position accuracy     

基于复杂性的六边形扇区驶入问题研究

为解决飞机穿越扇区边界飞行时存在局部复杂性上升的问题，在未来航空统一化管理的前提下，使用六边形的扇区理想化模型，并针对六边形扇区的几何特性及驶入飞机与扇区内飞机的相对位置、速度关系，提出了飞机在驶入六边形扇区时的空中交通复杂性模型。根据构建的空中交通复杂性模型，进行了复杂性分布图的计算，为飞机选择驶入扇区的位置、航向提供了参考依据。     

空中交通管制员技能评估主成分分析方法

为改善空中交通管制员技能评估方法,以管制员作业结果评估为立足点,建立了涵盖空中交通流密度、管制运行安全性能、管制运行效率性能及管制员工作负荷等4类因子的管制员技能定量评估指标体系,并给出了基于主成分分析法的管制员技能定量评估方法。经各等级管制员雷达模拟机多场景测试验证,采用新方法对100个测试样本的评估结果符合实际;相比通过管制教员观察管制员作业过程得出人工评定结果的传统方法,新方法的科学性、客观性及适用性更优。     

基于嵌入式系统的 ADS-B 接收机软件设计和关键技术分析

广播式自动相关监视(ADS-B)是基于 S 模式空-地、空-空数据链完成监视、信息传递和导航的一种空中交通管制(ATC)新技术.本文提出了基于 Vxworks 嵌人式操作系统的 ADS-B 接收机核心软件设计,论述了系统实现所需的邻机数据管理、格雷码解码以及位置信息处理等关键技术以及软件实现方法     

基于BDI模型的管制员Agent行为建模研究

针对空中交通仿真系统中的管制员Agent建模问题，通过分析管制操作行为特点，采用BDI结构，建立了基于决策树模型的管制规则知识库，设计了慎思型管制员Agent。基于Jadex平台，构建了管制员Agent模型，将由JADE平台建立的航空器Agent和模拟空管自动化系统Agent与Jadex平台建立的管制员Agent进行通信与协调，通过仿真系统构建仿真场景并验证管制员Agent的BDI推理过程，实现了对管制员的日常指挥行为的模拟。实验结果表明，所构建的管制员Agent模型可以顺利进行推理过程并对飞行冲突进行探测与解脱。     

一个雷达区域管制模拟训练系统的开发研究

为适应空中交通管制专业大量的培训业务，就雷达区域管制模拟训练系统的开发，在计算机模拟飞机飞行模型与数据库的建立方面进行了深入的研究，总结了该系统的使用情况。     

对流天气空域阻塞概率与阻塞指数模型

管制员高估对流天气的影响,发布不必要的流控指令,会使得航班过度延误;管制员低估对流天气的影响,会造成工作负荷的激增,也会使得航班飞行安全风险增大。为了准确评估空域受天气影响程度,减少管制员高估和低估天气影响次数,建立了特定方向对流天气空域阻塞概率模型和航路交通阻塞指数模型。测试结果表明,特定方向对流天气空域阻塞概率模型,用于衡量对流天气下交通流在各个方向被阻塞概率,为管制员决策是否允许航空器沿特定方向在扇区绕飞提供参考有实际意义;对流天气航路交通阻塞指数模型,用于衡量对流天气下沿航路交通流被阻塞的概率,为管制员决策是否允许航空器沿航路穿越对流天气提供参考是可行的。访谈数据表明,90%的参访者同意在这两个参数可得时,他们获取对流天气影响交通态势感知所需要的时间确实有所减少。